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S. pneumoniae abx of choice
PCN
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Is asymptomatic person with positive CXR for TB reportable
yes
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is suspected TB reportable
yes
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what mimics asthma
vocal cord dysfunction and upper airway obstruction
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what percentage of smokers who try to quit are successful without medicines
4-7%
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most common normal flora of oropharynx
strep and staph
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most common cause of cough in children
post resp infection
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if someone coughs all day but not at night what might this suggest
psychogenic cough
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viral croup prodromal phase
12-72h ; cold sx and low fever
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sx of impaired gas exchange
clubbing
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sx of breathing too much CO2
sleepiness
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sx of breathing too much carbon monoxide
dizziness and fatigue
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those most at risk of TB in US
very young and very old
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onset and sx of Legionnaires Dz
gradual ; malaise and flu sx
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another name for S. pneumoniae
Pneumococcus
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Alzheimer drug that produces mucus and cough as SE
cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil (Aricept) and rivastigmine (Exelon)
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False negative PPD risk increases with age?
yes
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length of abx tx for TB
6-9 mos
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TB drug that is contraindicated in prg
pyrazinimide b/c not enough evidence for safety
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what is Harrisons Groove
groove in rib cage at level of diaphragm and extending form sternum to axillae
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Biots breating
"irregular pattern of 3-4 breaths followed by period of apnea, usually result of head injury, meningitis, heat stroke"
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Cheyne-Stokes breathing
"similar to Biots, 3-4 breaths followed by period of apnea but is regular ; usually result of CHF, RF, incr ICP or drug overdose"
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Kussmaul breating
incr rate and depth of breathing as in DKA
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what percentage of smokers who quit gain wt
80%
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Step 1 (mild intermittent) asthma severity
sx LTE 2x/wk ; nocturnal sx LTE 2x/mo.
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Step 2 asthma severity (mild persistent)
sx GT 2x/wk but LT qd ; nocturnal sx GT 2/mo.
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Step 3 (moderate persistent) asthma severity
daily sx ; nocturnal sx GT 1x/wk
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Schamroth sign
clubbing diamond sign
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Hammans sign
auscultated crunch that coincides with diastole and systeole
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ER tx for viral croup
IV steroids
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pneumoconiosis
black lung
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a stomach drug and gout drug that reduce clearance of theophylline
cimetdidine and allopurinol
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lifestyle factor that increases clearance of theophylline
cigarette smoking
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normal RR in children
6-12mos 58-75 ; 1-2y 30-40 ; 2-4y 23-42 ; 4-6 19-36
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what percentage of 1PPD smokers have cough
40-60%
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coccidioidomycosis
endemic to sw ; flu sx and prod cough; good prognosis without meds usu ; Ampho B med of choice
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if somone has cardiac cause of SOB how well do they recover after exercise
slowly ; much longer than with pulm cause
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Dyspnea at rest is probably what cause SOB
cardiac
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most common mode of transmission of common cold
hand to hand
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do pts need perm tracheostomy s/p larngectomy
yes
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egophony
"muffled ""ee"" is nml ; ""aaa"" a sx of consolidation"
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bronchophony
"""99-99-99"" nml is muffled and indistinct"
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whispered pectoriloquy
"""1-2-3"" normal is faint and muffled"
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most common peripharyngeal URI in young children
epiglottitis
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recurrence of spon pneumothorax after 1st occurrence
10-50%
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Vesicular breath sounds
insp GT exsp
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bronchial breath sounds
insp LT exsp
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bronchovesicular breath sounds
insp = exsp
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triad of epiglottitis
"dysphagia, drooling, distress"
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unexplained nocturnal cough in adult suggests what
chf
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most prominent sx of glottic CA
hoarseness
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home O2 indicated in COPD with what O2 Sat?
LT 85%
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nml range of serum pH
7.35-7.45
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-
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explain the ROME acronym for interpreting ABGs
Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal ; CO2 moves opposite direction from pH (incr pH = alkalosis but incr CO2 = acidic) and HCO3 moves in same direction as pH (incr pH - alkalosis but low HCO3 is alkaline)
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