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Gubernaculum testis
bundle of connective tissue fibers that lock testes in position near anterior abdominal wall as fetus grows
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when do testes descend? why?
- 7th month of gestation
- spike of testosterone causes contraction of gubernaculum testis
-
undescended testis
what age
can cause
fix
- cryptorchidism
- One year
- sterility, increased risk of testicular cancer
- surgically pull down
-
what hormone determines male or female?
- presence of androgens = male
- absence of androgens = female
-
what gene on Y chromosome determines male sex?
SRY gene
-
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- lack of receptors for testosterone
- male genotype with female secondary sex characteristics
- no menstruation at puberty <-- sign
-
Raphe
function
- raised thickening in scrotal surface, separates testicular chambers
- prevents tangling, friction
-
hormone that stimulates release of FSH and LH
source and target
- Hypothalamus: Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
- --> ant. pituitary
-
Inhibin
- inhibits GnRH and FSH
- slows down production of sperm
-
mullerian-inhibiting factor (MIF)
stops males from making fallopian tubes
-
what do prostaglandins do?
- stimulate smoother muscle contractions
- -male and female orgasm
-
how do sperm move before capacitation? what could inhibit this?
-
what is sperm food and where is it made?
fructose, in seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
-
bulbourethral gland
- buffers against acidity of urine
- lubricates glans penis
-
prostate fluid
- slightly acidic
- contains antibiotic seminalplasmin to keep sperm clean and healthy
-
other name for root of penis
crus
-
neurotransmitter that causes vasodilation of penis
nitric oxid
-
why can't a man pee with an erection?
urethra is compressed
-
what does the prepuce secrete?
Smegma- waxy material, can support bacteria
-
what two hormones target nurse cells?
- FSH and Testosterone
- promote spermatogenesis
-
what hormone induces secretion of testosterone and other androgens? what does it target?
- Luteinizing hormone
- target: interstitial cells
-
functions of testosterone
- stimulate spermatogenesis
- CNS function: libido, aggression
- Stimulates metabolism
- -protein synthesis
- -blood cell formation
- -muscle growth
Est. male secondary sex characteristics
-
form of estrogen found in small amounts in males
estradiol
-
what can elevated levels of estrogen in males later in life cause?
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
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