Psych 205

friendly playfighting, emerges in the preschool years and expands in middle childhood

children's thought becomes far more logical, flexible and organized than in early childhood.

A perspective that examines separate aspects of thinking.

neurological difficulty applied to children who have great difficulty paying attention and learning.

defines eight independent intelligences in terms of distinct sets of processing operations.

a psychosocial conflict of the combination of adult expectations and children's drive toward mastery

psychologocial traits and social comparisons appear and a hierarchically organized self-esteem emerges

judgement of one's own appearance, abilities, and behavior in relation to those of others.

person you want to be

Person you actually are

a. Popular children

b. Rejected children

c. Controversial children

d. Neglected children

receive many votes

actively disliked, highest risk for poor school performance and antisocial behavior

Receive many votes, both positive and negative

seldom chosen, either positively or negatively

combine academic and social competence; they are kind and considerate, communicating with peers in sensitive, friendly and cooperative ways.

may be "tough" boys who are athletically skilled but are poor students who cause trouble and defy adult authority.

School-age children who are high in academic self-esteem:

• 1) credit theri success to ability
• 2) persistent approach to learning

attribute failure to ability but, when succeed, conclude external factors such as luck

encourages learned-helpless children to believe that they can overcome failure by exerting mor effort.

competitiong among siblings

major sleep episode is delayed by 2 or more hours of the desired bedtime

An eating disturbance in which individuals starve themselves because of a compulsive fear of getting fat

Young people develop the capacity of scientific thinking, arriving at a more general logical rules through internal reflection

adolescent's belief that they are the focus of everyone else's attention and concern.

adolescents' belief that they are special and unique, so that others cannot possibly understand their thoughts and feelings.

• A variety of specific mechanisims for cognitive change:
• 1) Attention
• 2) Inhibition
• 3) Strategies
• 4)Knowledge
• 5)Metacognition
• 6) Cognitive self-regulation
• 7) Speed of thinking and processing capacity

constructs a solid self-definition based on self-chosen values and goals

Continued the research of Piaget, identified 6 distinct stages of moral development

a sense of oneself as a separate individual.

influenced by a diverse combo of biological and environmental factors

increases over the lifespan from childhood to old age but jumps sharply at adolescence

transitional phase of development to adulthood which allows for a further development before taking on adult roles

Worn-out body parts usually repair or replace themselves, and no relationship exists between physical work and early death.

"aging genes" control certain biological changes, such as menopause, gray hair and deterioration ob body cells

gradual damage to DNA in body cells through spontaneous or externally caused mutations that accumulate, making cell repair and replacement less efficient pr producing abnormal cancerous cells.

Probably cause of age-related DNA and cellular abnormalities. Naturally occurring, highly reactive chemicals that form in the presence of oxygen or may be triggered by the presence of radiation and certain pollutants and drugs.

reflection on one's own thinking process

Thinking with both reason and intuition

Develops in adulthood as individuals master specific complex domains.

In early to middle childhood, children fantasize about career options; their preferences  guided largely by familiarity, glamor and excitement, bear little relation to the decisions they will eventually make

Between ages 11-16 adolescents think about careers in more complex ways including interests, vocations, requirements education, etc.

By the late teens and early twenties, young people start narrowing options.

Influenced by personality, family, teachers, gender as young adults explore possibilities and eventually settle on an occupation.

Erikson's psychological conflict of early childhood which is reflected in the young person's thoughts and feelings about making a permanent commitment of an intimate partner

caring for the next generation and helping to improve society

Age graded expectations for major life events.