Chapter 2

• Use prior knowledge to gather and interpret stumuli by the sense
• Example-a word
• -eyes
• -previous knowledge about shape of letters
• -Previous knowledge about fragments of a word

• -Identifying a complex arrangment of sensory stilmuli
• -Understanding pattern is different from background

-Looking at an object, sensory than organizes raw info by sensory receptors

An object in the environment- ex. cellphone on desk

Infomation registered by sensory receptors

-image cellphone creates on retina

A large-capacity storage system that records info from each senses

Keeping the image of a visual stimuli for a brief period of time before object dissappears

Occipital lobe of the brain

Part of cerebral cortex that deals with basic processing of stimuli

Distinct shape with clearly defined edges

-Patterns

Region left over- Background

When figure and ground reverse from time to time

-When organization of stimulus occurs, one portion stands out while other recedes

• Neurons adapt to one figure
• Solving by alternating two solutions

Seeing edges even when not physically there

• Early stage-some cells respond
• Later stages- Visual system tries to make sense and organize

Matching a stimulus to a set of templetes

Only work for two-dimensional,isolated objects like letters, numbers

A visual stimulus has a small number of characteristics called distinctive features

ex.Letter R- has curved line, vertical line and diagonal line

More alike the characteristics are, the longer it takes to tell them apart

Does not describe physical relationship of features

Insert wires and show VS like bar of light- recorded a particular neuron in repsonse to the VS

Responded to a specific retinal region or bar is at certain angle

• View of an object that is show by simple 3-D shapes called geons
• Viewer center approach- making the object recognizable

Identify shape and go beyond primary visual cortex

Proir Knowledge and experience to help early visual stimulus process

Idenify a single letter more accurately and more faster when it appears in a word rather than by itself or random wording

Fail to detect change in object or scene

Inattentional blindness means when one pays attention to another event in a scene and fail to know when a unexpected but completely visible object appears

Well notice change if it is important or improbably

Can not recognize human faces visually but can recognize other objects

Area most resposnsible for brain recognition

When pronouncing phoneme, mouth remains same shape of previous phoneme

Fill in the missing phoneme using the contextual meaning

Top-down process

When visual info effects the speech perception when somebody has use noth visual and auditory informtion

Neural mechanism that handles sppech perception

Ability to detect speech stimuli

Hear certain phoneme than halfway

Ability to detect speech sounds and non-speech sounds