Week 6

Which OSHA standard states "temporary protective grounds shall be placed at such locations and arranged in such a manner as to prevent each employee from being exposed to hazardous differences in electrical potential.

A task to stop the flow of power on a line or piece of equipment such as opening a switch or jumper.  Synonymous with de-energize.

What are the first two steps to working on lines and equipment?

A condition where a line or piece of equipment does not have any power flowing through it.  Synonymous with de-energized.

What are the two main objectives of personal grounding equipment?

A condition where a line or piece of equipment has power flowing through it.  The term that is synonymous with energized.

"If it is not grounded, it is not______."

The fundamental concept of ______ ______ ______ is to provide a path to ground for the power to flow through, bypassing the line worker.

What is the current range that is detectable to the human body?

What is the current range that is painful to the human body?

What is the current range that causes the human body to instantaneously respond to the pain by letting go or moving away?

What is the current range that can cause ventricular fibrillation of the heart?

What is the current range that causes burning of the skin and organs?

As it pertains to the effect of current on the human body, what else contributes to the potential for injury?

Grounding methods are designed to limit the current to a ________.

What are the two methods of using personal protective grounds to protect line workers?

The personal protective grounding method that is most commonly used during large construction projects and on underground lines.

The personal protective grounding method that provides a low resistance, short-circuited connection from the line to the earth at key locations on one or both sides of the work site.

The personal protective grounding method where some current would flow through the line worker's body.

The personal protective grounding method where almost no current would flow through the line worker's body.

The personal protective grounding method that provides a low resistance, short-circuited connection from the line to the earth and shunts or diverts the flow of current around the line worker.

The personal protective grounding method that is typically used on wood pole lines and is applied on the structure that the line worker is working on.

The personal protective grounding method that is most commonly used when only a few locations need to be worked on.  This typically occurs during maintenance of existing power delivery systems.

The best method of personal protective grounding.

What factors cause the resistance of the grounding source to vary?

What causes the resistance of wood poles to vary?

The amount of induction is somewhat proportional to what three factors?

Other than powerlines, what are three other possible sources of induction mentioned in the book?

What are the five sources of energy mentioned in this chapter that can cause the line to become accidentally energized?

What are the three sources of capacitance that are encountered while working on power lines?

What typically causes a static buildup in a conductor?

The amount of static charge in a conductor is dependent upon?

What are the four ways a line can become inadvertently energized mentioned in the book?

The amount of current that a given system can deliver to a fault or short circuit.

The amount of current that can be delivered to a fault is largely dependant upon...

It is extremely important that personal protective grounds are sized to be able to carry the fault current at the location until ___________________.

A difference in potential between a worker's or a member of the public's feet when the ground is energized by fault current.

A voltage drop or difference of potential between an energized metallic object that the employee is in contact with and the point on the earth's surface where he is standing.

The National Electric Safety Code requires the system neutral be grounded a minimum of _____ times per mile.

This conductor can be viewed as an extension of the station ground grid.

The selection of the best available ground sources is critical to the objectives of personal protective grounding.  What six examples does this chapter give as possible grounding points?

What grounding point is prohibited by some companies due to the uncertainty of what would happen to the structure should a fault occur?

When using driven grounding rods, a change of temperature from 68 degrees to 23 degrees will increase the soil resistance by a factor of _____ due to freezing.

When using a metal structure as a grounding point, what must you take into consideration?

After de-energizing a line or equipment, what does OSHA require before personal protective grounds may be installed?

What are the most common methods of testing for voltage before applying personal protective grounds?

The act of connecting a metal object to the end of a live line tool and slowly touching and pulling away from the conductor several times.  A humming noise may be heard and an arc may be seen indicating voltage is present?

An electronic instrument that connects to a live-line tool.  When the tool is held near the conductor the tool will provide an audible sound and a flashing light if voltage is present.

An instrument that can be attached to a live-line tool.  When held near an energized conductor it will provide a clear visual indication.

The tool which uses the field strength to estimate the line to line voltage of conductors. 

The tool which can be used to detect the presence of voltage through capacitance test points on underground elbow connectors.

For personal protective grounding on distribution circuits, what two categories of clamps are most widely used?

For personal protective grounding on transmission circuits, what four categories of clamps are most widely used?

The length of grounding jumpers should be kept as short as practical to minimize the ______ ______ that can occur during a fault.

The IEEE guide for protective grounding says the mechanical force of a jumper with a fault current range of 30,00 to 60,000 amps can reach _____ foot pounds.

Personal protective grounding cables must never be smaller than #___ AWG copper.

Cluster brackets are only used with ______ _______ grounding.

Used to effectively ground conductors that are being installed.  They are made of a roller system that is attached to the conductors that are in motion and are mounted to a housing that allows for the attachment of a grounding cable.  They are typically installed at each end of the pull section.

Used to effectively ground conductors that are being installed.  They are installed at various locations throughout the pull section. They essentially connect to the assembly that supports the weight of the conductor as it's being pulled through.

Grounded conductors within the equipotential zone such as down guys and phone messenger cables.

Underground splices and terminations are frequently rated as either ___ amp or ___ amp.

A device that is inserted into a bushing to provide a contact point for a voltage detector.

Used for isolating, testing, and grounding underground circuits.

Used for grounding applications in underground systems and provide a temporary ground.  They are ussually used in conjunction with a feedthru bushing where this device is plugged into one side and the conductor into the other side.

Used for grounding applications in underground systems and bleed off capacitance.  The cable must be tested and grounded before being temporarily stored in this device.

Used to cover vacated bushings on transformers and other underground apparatus.  They insulate, shield, and seal the vacated bushings.

Used to prove underground cable de-energized at the work location and are not used as a personal protective ground.

A specially designed clamp that attaches to single blade cutout switches and provides a stud for the attachment of personal protective grounds.

The smallest part of an element that contains all the properties of that element.

A material that readily allows the flow of electrical current.

One of the three principle parts of the atom, the part that carries a negative charge.

A substance that can not chemically be broken down any farther.

Magnetic lines of force.

Loosely held electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

The number of times a generator rotates in a second.

The unit of measure for frequency.

The process by which current flows through a conductor when passed through a magnetic field.

Any material that resists the flow of electrical current.

A naturally occuring discharge of static electricity.

A substance that possesses the property of attracting iron.

One of the three principle parts of the atom, it has no charge.

The positively charged mass at the center of an atom, it contains the proton and neutron and makes up most of the mass of the atom.

One of three principle parts of the atom, it has a positive charge.

Electrons that are sitting still and not moving.

The outermost electron orbit of an atom.  Electrons located in this shell determine the conductive properties of an element.

The measure of electromotive force.

The basic building blocks of the universe.

A specific type of atom.

Name the three principle parts of an atom according to the book, the two additional basic parts according to the lecture, and the sixth part that we will need to know for the test.

An electron is about ___ times larger than a proton.

The proton weighs about ______ times more than the electron.

What is the law of charges?

The law that states a spinning object will pull away from it's center point, and the faster it goes, the stronger the force.

How many electrons do good conductors generally have in their valence shell?

If the negative pole of a magnet is passed near a conductor, the free electrons will ____________.  If the positive pole of a magnet is passed near a magnet, the free electrons will ____________.

What would be impossible if magnets did not exist?

What three elements have molecular properties that allow them to be magnetized by applying an electrical current?

The basic operating principle for transformers and generators.

Electromagnetic fields around power lines vary based on what two variables?

Does induction work with DC circuits?

How many times does the magnetic field around a power line in the U.S. expand and collapse per second?

The theory that says electricity flows from the most negative point to the most positive point.

Lightning can carry up to _____ volts and between ____ and ____ amps of current.

What is the average length of a lightning bolt?

What is the best method to protect a line worker against lightning.

Lightning bolts can reach upwards of ________ degrees fahrenheit.

What did Alessandro Volta invent.

Who was Count Alessandro Volta?

If the strength of a magnet is increased and the speed at which it is being passed near a conductor is increased, what will happen?

According to this chapter, what four factors are affected by voltage in the power system?

What are the four typical distribution voltages named in this chapter?

What are the typical transmission voltages named in this chapter?

On an electron, the lines of force come ______.

On a proton, the lines of force extend _______.

Lines of force on like charges never ______.

Lines of force on different charges _______.

How many electrons do good insulators have in their valence shell?

If an element has four, five, or six electrons in it's valence shell it would be considered to be a _________.

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the valence shell?

What is produced when electrons are bumped in and out of the valence shell?

Which would be spinning faster, an electron in the electron shell or an electron in the valence shell?

If a material does not need an electrical current applied to have magnetic properties it would be considered a _________ magnet.

What are the two methods of creating induction?

What is the fundamental concept of personal protective grounding?

The human body is an excellent conductor because?

It only takes about 1/3 of an amp to put your heart into __________.

What is the common current value of a light bulb?

What is the common current value of a house service?

What is the common current value of a secondary circuit?

What is the common current value of a primary feeder?

With EPZ grounding, almost no current flows through the line workers because the cluster bar is ______________. 

According to the book, fault currents have reached ______ to ______ amps.

The substation ground grid is designed to have adequate capacity to carry _________.

How far would the system neutral extend throughout the circuit?

The ground rod should be driven as deep as possible to __________.

Which instrument used to test lines for voltage has a self test feature?

A gas filled tube that glows in the presence of voltage.

When introduced to induction, coiling a conductor can ______ the magnetic field and placing an iron rod inside the coil will ______ the lines of flux.

Voltage pushes, amperage _______.

Voltage dictates insulation, where amperage dictates ________.

On personal protective grounds, the size of the cable must be marked every __ feet.

The personal protective grounding cluster used for underground, it has exposed clamps similar to overhead grounds.

Which element is the best natural conductor?