social studies final

study of earth's physical and human features

line of latitude that divides earth into north and south

the line of longitiude at 0 degrees that divides the earth into the eastern and western hemisphere

exact lace on earth identified by coordinates formed by the intersection of a line of latitude and a line of longitude. Recorded latitude then longitude.

the weather in a certain area over a period of time

stands for "before christ" and refers to events that happiened before the birth of jesus christ

stands for "anno domini" and refers to events that happiened after he birth of jesus christ

a weapon, tool, or other item made by humans

practice where different people are focusing on doing different jobs

complex societies that have cities, organized government, art, language, class division, and a writing system

man-made way of watering crops

ancient sumerian form of writing

group of lands under one ruler

group of rulers from one family

belief in one god

one who claims to be instructed by god to share his word with the people

jewish place of worship

when jews are scattered throughout the world outside of their homeland of jueda. during this time, the hebrew bible was translated into greek speading jewish ideas throughout the world

a large mass of land part of a continent but seperate because of physical features such as mountins

ancient written language of india

one of the oldest religion in the world it is polytheistic with thousands of gods and goddesses that are apart of the universal spirt, brahman

founded by siddartha gautama based on hinduism

social group that people are born into and cannot change

the idea of living many different lives the cycle of life death and rebirth

nobles or upper class people whose wealth came their land

a formal rule or command

an open area used for a market and meeting place

a government ruled by a few people usually weathly and powerful

citizens run government at mass meetings: every citizen votes firsthand on laws and policies

a fortified area usually on the top of a hill that served as a safe refuge in times of attack. it also could serve as a religious center

citizens chose a smaller group of representitives to govern on their behalf

from the greek word meaning "love of wisdom"

what a person or civilization leaves behind for others to use or build on

form of government in which rulers are elected by citizens

200 year peace in the roman civilization; means "roman peace"

rapidly increase in price due to the decline of money value

to exchange goods without using money

wealthy landowner and member of the ruling class

common working class people; mostly farmers

top government offical of the republic

to reject or cancel anothers decision

a person who teaches his or her religon to those who do not believe in it

group of craftspeople who join together to protect themselves and their trade

hatred of jews

study of religion and god

delieverer sent by god to save the chosen people

someone wiling to die for their religious beliefs

neolithic man whose remarkably well preserved body told us about life in prehistoric europe

king of babylon who created the worlds earliest codes or collections of law

female pharoh who concentrated on building the egyptian economy through trade

ruler who tried to force the egyptians to become monotheistic

boy king whose tomb told us much about life in the new kingdom

archeologist who discovered and excavated the tomb of tutankhamen

founder of judaism made origional covenant with god

prophet who led the israelites out of slavery in egypt

founder of the qin dynasty, known for uniting china undr a very harsh rule and his famous tomb of clay soldiers

athenian general and statesman who led athens through its golden age

writer of "the persian wars" known as the father of history

ruler who conquered great area spreading greek culture throughout the world; built the greatest city of the time, alexandria in egypt

philosopher who taught that absolute right and wrong did exist; known as "the father of philosophy" he was sentenced to death for his teachings

roman emperor who was the first to accept christianity within the empire

muslim doctor who discovered how dieases spread from person to person

first hand pieces of evidence such as letters diaries, records and artifacts that were created by people who saw or actually experienced the event

pieces of evidence created after the event being studied, by people who played no part in the origional event; biographies, encyclopedias, textbooks, and documentaries

adapted to their enviornmet and invented many tools to help them survive

people started farming, building communities, producing goods, and trading

civilization; cradle of civilizations; began in the valley of the tigris and euphrates rivers

invented writing and made other important contributions to later people

began in fertile nile river valley, where natural barriers like the cataracts and deserts discouraged invasions, believed in life after death, and were polytheistic

who ruled egyptians (they were all-powerful)

built huge ston pyrimads as tombs for pharoahs the entrance to the pyrimad always faced north

led the israelites left mesopotamia and settled in canaan

the were forced to move to because of lack of food and a drought

led by whom did the israelites escape after imprisoned by the egyptian pharoahs

moses recieved these on top of Mt. sinai

india's first civilization, including harappa and mohenjo-daro developed in this river valley

aryans, a group of nomadic herders brought these into northern india by 1000 bc

this, belonging to india, divided people into rigid social and economic classes called varnas

they are a very old religion with many gods, they believe in reincarnation and follow dharma and karma

he founded the religion of buddhism in northern india

according to buddhism, a person who follows these two things can achieve nirvana

this physical feature of greece influenced where people settled and what they did for a living, it also isolated the city-states forcing them to become indeppendent, unifying only in times of war with outside invaders, especially the persians

these people from the island of crete, earned their living by building ships and trading

these people migrated from central asia, built the first greek kingdoms, and spread power across the mediterranean region, they usually paid taxesin wheat, livestock, or honey

they focused on military skills to control the people they conquered and to prevent uprisings, their army was the strongest in the world and often conquered neighboring regions

the people of this place were intrested in building a democracy they were involved in government, education, and the arts

magnificent temple built during the age of pericles, it took 15 years to complete this

thiss was a magnificent time of creativity and learning in athens

this war led to defeat of athens and weakened all of greece

these three greek philosophers affect modern thinking about education, government, and science

he was king phillip's son, conquered an empire that stretched to africa in the south and to india and modern pakistan to the east

these people were latin speaking, settled in the furtile region of western italy, and were influenced by etruscian and greek culture

it is a pennisula shaped like a boot that juts out into the mediterranian sea; its important geographical features include the alps, 7 hills, apennines, tiber river, and latium plain

these were the first set of roman laws and serve as a base for our legal system today

the punic wars were fought against these people

in the first punic war the romans did what

in the second puni war the romans did what

in the third punic war the romans did what

he was a military hero, seized power and declared himself dictator for life; he was assassinated by roman senators whho wanted to keep the republic in order

defeated anthony and cleopatra at battle of actium to control roman empire. takes title of Augustus which means majestic one.

period of roman peace augustus begins by expanding the empire

greeks

cement, the arch, aqueducts, and domes

temple built to honor rome's gods/goddesses. they offered food and prayed to honor them too.

romann catholic and eastern orthodox

two most important christian apostles

divided empire in 284 AD and tried to improve economy, did not work.

germanic general who defeated last roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus. ends western roman empire

government, language (latin), and architecture

constantinople is capital, called eastern roman empire, became more like greek culture as time went by.

help spread christianity throughout europe, catholic church became strong in early middle ages

europe was divided into territories owned by nobles and worked by serfs

signed by king john I in 1215 granting rights to nobles and establishing a parliament.

holy wars encouraged by pope to recapture jerusalem and palestine from muslims. only the first crusadee was successful

attempt to change catholic church by german monk martin luther. created prostestant church

shiite and sunni

increase trade and broke down feudalism, strengthened power of kings and weakened power of noble

plague that swept through europe and asia during 1300's killing millions and greatly changing economy and society

period of rebirth in interest in art and learning at end of middle ages