-
Succession of morphological changes during normal development
Ontogeny
-
What a cell becomes dependent on the distribution of materials around it
Cytoplasmic determinants
-
A cell can become any of the cell types that will be present
Totipotent
-
Development of specialized cells
Cell differentiation
-
The sperm has very little
Cytoplasm
-
The sperm contributes to the
Centriole
-
Egg is filled with
Cytoplasm, nutrients, organelles, and mRNA.
-
Band of pigment OPPOSITE site of sperm entry in amphibians
Grey crescent
-
___ is a transcription factor required for germ layer development.
Beta catenin
-
Beta catenin is expressed only on the _____ side of embryo
Dorsal
-
Sperm's centrioles initiates cytoplasmic reorganization and organizes ____ in cytoplasm
Microtubules
-
Early rapid cell division stages (cleavage)
Fertilization > morula > blastula. Cells divide to smaller blastomeres where they'll receive different cytoplasmic determinants on how they will develop.
-
In eggs, the _____ is where the yolk is concentrated
Vegetal pole
-
Cleavage planes are established by the ____ and the distribution of yolk/cytoplasm
Polarity
-
This kind of cleavage has very little yolk and cleavage furrow passes al through cells
Holobolastic (complete)
-
2 parts of blastocyst
Trophoblast and inner cell mass
-
The inner cell mass will become the
Embryo
-
The trophoblast that surrounds the embryo will become
The placenta
-
This kind of cleavage has lots of yolk. Division is restricted to small region
Discoidal
-
During _____ cleavage, furrows do not extend to yolk
Discoidal
-
A type of cleavage in insects
Superficial
-
During ______ cleavage, cells do mitosis but not cytokinesis, so you get one cell and many nuclei
Superficial
-
What happens during superficial cleavage
Nuclei migrate to outer part of cell, plasma membrane moves in and separates nuclei into separate cells SURROUNDING central yolk.
-
In early development, a cell is totipotent, meaning
It can become anything
-
Each blastomere has a job, removing a blastomere results in missing pat of embryo. This kind of development is called
Mosaic
-
This kind of development can move some cells during cleavage and remaining cells will cmpensate
Regulative
-
FORMATION steps of germ layers in gastrulation
Fertilization > morula> blastula > blastocyst > gastrula > organogenisis
-
This stage is characterized by changes in cell motility, cell shape and adhesion
Gastrulation
-
During this stage, cells move from surface to interior resulting in 3 layers. What is the stage and what are the layers?
Gastrulation; endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm.
-
The anterior end of the neural tube becomes
Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
-
Hind brain + midbrain =
Brain stem (heart and breathing)
-
Hindbrain becomes
Cerebellum; motor control
-
Forebrain becomes
Cerebral hemesphere
-
Relay station for incomming sensory info
Thalamus
-
Receives info for regulating internal environment
Hypothal
-
___ produce vertebrae, intervertebral disks, and muscles
Somites
- Amniotes have ____ extraembryonic membranes
- 4
-
The ectoderm and mesoderm that surrounds the embryo and holds fluid
Amnion
-
The ectoderm plus mesoderm. Surrounds embryo and other membranes, gas xchange
Chorion
-
Extention of hypoblast layer; surrounds yolk and nourishes growing embryo
Yolk sac
-
Forms as outgrowth of extra embryonic endoderm and mesoderm. Collects excretory products, contributes to gas xchange
Allantois
-
Trophoblast cells (chorion) + maternal tissue =
Placenta
-
Urinary bladder also contributes to umbilical cord
Allantois in mammals
|
|
