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Name the 12 soil orders.
- Gelisols
- Histosols
- Spodosols
- Andisols
- Oxisols
- Vertisols
- Aridisols
- Ultisols
- Mollisols
- Alfisols
- Inceptisols
- Entisols
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Describe Gelisols
Permafrost
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Describe Histosols
Organic, wetland soils
Differentiated based upon degree of decomposition of organic matter
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Describe Spodosols
"Formed under acid forests"
Acid litter causes eluviation of many compounds
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Describe Andisols
Formed from volcanic ash, young soils
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Describe Oxisols
Very old, thick sola, highly weathered
Weathered B horizon
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Describe Vertisols
Have expanding clays
Self-churning soils due to expansion and contraction of clays
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Describe Aridisols
Arid, can be highly developed
Due to limited leaching, accumulation of various salts
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Describe Ultisols
Brown soils formed under deciduous forest, low base saturation
Thin, brown A horizon, must have an argillic horizon and/or a kandic horizon
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Describe Mollisols
Dark soils formed under prairies, high base saturation
Dark A horizon, B horizon can have a variety of endopedons
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Describe Alfisols
Brown soils formed under deciduous forest, high base saturation
Thin, brown colored A horizon, must have argillic horizon
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Describe Inceptisols
Older than Entisols
Weak B horizon
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Describe Entisols
Young, thin sola, relatively underdeveloped soils
Thin A horizon over parent material
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