Biology 1110 Mid-Term

• 1. Reproduction
• 2. Regulation
• 3. Respond to stimuli
• 4. Evolutionary adaptations
• 5. Energy processes
• 6. Growth and development
• 7. Organization

• - Biosphere
• - Ecosystem
• - Community
• - Population
• - Organism
• - Organ System
• - Tissue
• - Cell
• - Organelle
• - Molecule
• - Atom

• Compare: - both contain DNA
•                 - both have ribosomes
•                 - both have a plasma membrane

• Contrast: - eukaryotic cells store DNA in a                          
•                 nucleus whereas prokaryotic
•                 cells have free floating DNA
•               - eukaryotic cells are 10-100
•                 micro meters whereas
•                 prokaryotic cells are 1-10
•                 micro meters

• Compare: - both have ribosomes
•                 - both have a cell membrane
•                 - both have a nucleus

• Contrast: - plant cells have a central vacule
•                 whereas an animal cell has many
•                 small vacules
•               - plant cells have a cell wall and
•                 animal cells do not

Cell Membrane - phospholipid bilayer that  controls what enters and exits the cell

Cytoplasm - fluid like substance that fills cell

DNA - holds genetic information

Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis

Cell Wall - adds stability to plant cells

Nucleus - stores DNA

Smooth ER - site of lipid synthesis, stores calcium and detoxifies drugs and alcohol

Rough ER - site of membrane and protein synthesis

Golgi Body - receives processes, packages and ships products of the golgi body

Lysosomes - digests food for digestion and recycling by cell

• Mitochondria - processes energy in the form of ATP
• Chloroplasts - site of photosynthesis
• Central Vacuole - stores water and waste

• - All living organisms are composed of cells
• - All cells arise form other cells
• - The cell is the basic unit of life
• -

Metabolism - all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism

Homeostasis - the ability to regulate internal environments

Evolution - decent with modification

Adaptation - inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment

Natural Selection - gradual process where biological traits become more or less noticeable in a population over time

- Species produce more offspring then an environment can sustain, which leads to competition. Organisms are forced to adapt to available resources and to defend themselves against predators. Good adaptations mean that an organism survives and produces more offspring with the same positive traits. Over multiple generations, adaptations become permanent traits and the organism has evolved.

Hypothesis - a tentative answer to a well framed question

Theory - a broad statement that is supported by a vast amount of evidence

Controlled Experiment - compares an experimental and a control group

- Discovery based science involves the collection of a large number of observations to look for patterns or correlations whereas hypothesis based science is based on what is already known