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Symptoms
Characteristics of a disease that can ONLY be felt or observed by the patient.(headache,cramp,nausea)
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Sign
Characteristics of a diease that can be observed by EXAMINING the patient,change in leukocyte count, inflammation and fever, evaluated antibody titer in the blood,changes in urine constituents
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Leukocytosis
over 10,000 WBC cells per ul
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Leukopenia
under 10,000 WBC cells per UL
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Syndrome
a combination of signs and symptoms
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Koch's Postulates
Determining the cause of a specific diease,
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Types of infectious disease
Acute, Chronic, Latent, Local, Focal, Sepsis, Septicemia, Systemic, Primary, Secondary
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Acute
Disease have rapid development and course
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Chronic
Disease which are slow and persistent
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Lantent
diseases have periods of inactivity between attacks
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Local
diseases are confined to a specfic area
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Focal
diseases are confined to a specific area but serve as a source of microbes and toxin that spread to other area
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Sepsis (Bacteremia,Viremia & Toxemia)
microbes of their product are in the blood
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Bacteremia, Viremia
bacteria and viruses are present in the blood, bud don't multiply
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Toexmia
Toxins are in the blood
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Septicemia
Microbes are PRESENT/MULTIPLY in the blood
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Systemic
Diseases affect the entire body
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Primary
diseases represent an initial infection
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Secondary
diseases represent an infection that follows a primary infection, usually as the result of patient having been weakened by the primary diseases
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The "Course" of an infectious disease
Incubation period, Prodromal phase, Invasive Phase, Acme, Decline phase, Convalescene
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Incubation period
time between infection and the appearance of signs and/or symptoms
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Prodromal Phase
short period of time when non specific symtoms appear
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Invasive phase
the period when the diseases develops signs and symtoms characteristic of the disease
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Acme(critical stage)
the period of the most intense symptoms
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Decline Phase
Host immune response begin killing the pathogen,symptoms begin to decrease
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Convalescence
the recovery phase when tissues repair and healing takes place
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Treatment for infectious disease
Selective agent,Artificial passive immunization,Boosting host defense mechanism,Reduce Symptoms,Vaccine
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Selective agents
Antibiotics, antivirals, sulfa drug
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Artificial Passive immunizaion
gamma globulinsn, convalsecent serum
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Boosting host defense mechanisms
the administration of gamma interferon and use of interlukin 2, good nutrition
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Reduce Symptoms
aspirn, fluids, etc
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gamma globulin (immune serum globulin)
IgG antibioes have been extracted from pooled blood of at least 1000 donors, igG antibodies are concentrated and pathogens are eliminated, used to treat measles,hep A, and antibody replacement for those who are immunodeficent.
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convalescent serum (specific immune globulin)
derived from the blood of individual, who are convalescing from a specfic diease, contains a high titer of a specfic antibody
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