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Wound Healing

  1. When no complications exist, how long does it take a full thickness wound to close?
    3 weeks
  2. Can mechanical force and early motion help control adhesions?  T/F
    True
  3. Stage III of Wound Healing is called?
    Maturation Phase or Remodeling Phase
  4. The Maturation Phase of wound healing starts around day ___ and can last____to ____.
    • starts around day 25
    • last 6 months to up to 2 years
  5. In the Maturation Phase collagen fibers become?
    more organized and add strength to the wound
  6. Cross linking of collagen results in what?
    Major gains in tensile strength and scar stabilization
  7. A completely healed wound will gain ____% of it's normal tensile strength.
    80%
  8. What is Primary Intention Healing?
    When the wound edges are held together by suture, staples, tape, etc
  9. Primary intention healing is most appropriate for?
    tidy- surgical wounds with clean edges
  10. Reliance on artificial means to hold a wound together stops at __-__days?
    10-14 days
  11. What is Secondary Wound Phenomena?
    when a primary wound ruptures or dehisces, and is reclosed, the rate of healign is accelerated due to immediate onset of fibroplasia without inflammation.
  12. What is Secondary Intention Healing?
    when a wound is allowed to remain open and to close by the biologic process of contraction and epithelization.
  13. The wound in allowed to contract in primary intention healing or secondary intention healing?
    secondary intention healing
  14. Which cells allow the wound to contract on its own and resembles smooth muscle?
    Myofibroblasts
  15. Can secondary intention healing be used when the wound is across a joint?
    NO
  16. Delayed Primary Closure is when?
    the wounds are allowed to heal for a short time by secondary intention(by themselves) and then are closed mechanically
  17. When is Re-epitheliazation or Tertiary Closure used?
    wehn there is a significant loss of skin/tissue, which if closed via primary or secondary intention would result in deformity or loss of function
  18. Skin grafts can be used to cover wound bed that has good _______ and no gliding structures are exposed.
    vascularity
  19. STSG: Split Thickness Skin Graft
    viable in 3-5 days, may be meshed to allow drainage
  20. FTSG: Full Thickness Skin Graft
    viable in 5-7 days
  21. Loss of skin grafts mostly occurs from?
    fluid accumulation under the graft or shearing forces
  22. Skin grafts can be exposed to water between days _-_, but should avoid modalities for at least _-_ days.
    • 4-5
    • 7-10
  23. What type of graft is used when there is limited blood supply to the wound or exposed gliding structures?
    Skin Flaps
  24. Local flaps (random pedicle flaps) come from where?
    tissue adjacent to the wound and receives blood supply for the sub-dermal layer
  25. Examples of Local flaps include: (3)
    • Z-plasty
    • V-Y advancement flaps
    • Moberg Advancement flaps
  26. Which kind of grafts/flaps requires vascular dissection and micro vascular anatomosis to blood supply? (2)
    Pedicle Flaps and Free Tissue Transfers
  27. Example of Pedicle Flaps include: (5)
    Thenar flap, cross finger flaps, radial forearm flap, Littler Neurovascular island flaps & groin flaps
  28. Which flap requires immobilization for 3 weeks to avoid compreession to protect circulation?
    Pedicle Flap
  29. Which flap has immediate vascularity, can handle early mobilization and is completed in one surgical procedure?
    Free Tissue Transfers
  30. Types of Flap Classification are? (2)
    • Random: receives blood supply from sub dermal or subcutaneous plexus
    • Axial: receives blood from a single blood vessel
  31. Wounds exposed 2-3 hours will dehydrate and become _____.
    necrotic
  32. Wound healing is inhibited by reflex vasospasm brought on by ______ in temperature, or by alternating _________.
    • decrease
    • hot/cold
  33. ____________ has been shown to stimulate local growth factors and lead to greater collagen synthesis?
    In Vitro Electrical Stimulation
  34. The US institute of surgical research defines wound sepsis caused by bacterial overgrowth as contamination exceeding __ organisms per gram of tissue.
    105
  35. A _____ can block cell migration and create an increased inflammatory response.
    Hematoma
  36. Controlling edema in the inflammatory phase will delay healing? T/F
    True
  37. Describe wound in terms of:
    • location, size, drainage (amount/consistency/odor)
    • temperature
    • vascularity
    • exposure/infection
  38. Beefy red tissue =
    granulation
  39. Red wound:
    • uninfected, borders, granulation
    • goal: protect & maintain humidity
    • clean with gentle soap/Ringer's Solution
    • NO ANTISEPTICS
    • topical antibiotics OK
  40. Yellow Wound:
    • yellow, pseudomonas will give color and odor
    • draining exudates
    • debride then use antiseptics/antibiotic, we to dry dressing or one to absorb the exudates
  41. Black Wound:
    • black necrotic tissue (eschar)
    • pus and limited wound closure
    • debridement, dress to protect
  42. Dressing for non-infected red wounds
    • 3 layers
    • 1. non-adherent layer (xeroform/adaptic/telfa)
    • 2. cling gauze
    • 3. wrap/coban/tubigrip
  43. Use a dry dressing for?
    closed wounds
  44. Use a wet dressing for?
    dirty or infected wounds
  45. What kind of dressing do you NOT use with infected wounds? (5)
    • films
    • foams
    • hydrogels
    • hydrocolloids (Duoderm)
    • calcium alginates
  46. Silvadene is used with?
    Burns, antibacterial
  47. What is Bactraban and what is it used for?
    • anti-microbial
    • MRSA
  48. What is Bactracin/Neosporin used for?
    antibacterial, provides a moist environment for wounds
  49. What is Silver Nitrate used for?
    hypertrophic granulation tissue
  50. When is a keloid scar formed?
    when the rate of collagen production exceeds collagen breakdown
  51. Assessment of Scars include: (5)
    • location
    • texture (thick/rigid/raised/supple)
    • vascularity (immature/mature)
    • sensibility (hyper vs insensate)
    • motion
  52. Which scars extend beyond the original wound site? 
    Keloids
  53. Which kind of scars are bulky and stay within the boundaries of the wound?
    Hypertrophic
  54. Keloids can be treated with (3):
    • antihistamines
    • corticosteroids
    • surgical excision
  55. Which kind of scar occurs soon post injury but will regress spontaneously?
    keloid? hypertrophic?
    hypertrophic
  56. Which kind of scar will improve with pressure, silastic gel sheeting or surgery?
    hypertrophic
  57. When does a Wide Spread Scar form?
    during the 3rd phase of healing when tension and mobility of wound leads to flat/wide/or depressed scarring
  58. Therapeutic management of scars includes (6):
    • prevent excessive inflammartory response
    • prevent excessive wound tension
    • Controlled motion to aid in collagen synthesis
    • massage
    • compression
    • elongation
  59. Therapeutic goals of wound management are: (4)
    • debride the wound
    • cleanse the wound
    • promote coverage of the defect
    • restore function
  60. When evaluating a wound, after patient history you want to include: (7)
    • Classify stage/ full thickness?/ color code
    • Location
    • Size
    • Drainage
    • Color or Texture Changes
    • Temperature
    • Girth
  61. Which Stage of Wound?
    when full thickness involving fascia with possible bone/muscle involvement
    Stage 4
  62. Which Wound Stage?
    when full thickness involving fascia
    Stage 3
  63. Which Wound Stage?
    when epidermis with invovement of dermis, subcutaneous fat discontinuity of skin
    stage 2
  64. Which Wound Stage?
    when epidermis invovement
    Stage 1
  65. A partial thickness wound is equivalent to which stages?
    Stages 1 &2
  66. A full thickness wound is equivalent to which stages?
    Stages 3&4
Author
H.Burdsall
ID
222576
Card Set
Wound Healing
Description
Wound Healing
Updated

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