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The big ten languages
- -Mandarin
- -English
- -Hindi
- -Spanish
- -Russian
- -Arabic
- -Bengali
- -Portuguese
- -Malay
- -Indo
- -French
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Languages
- -4000 languages (at least)
- -1/5 or 750 languages occur in Papua New Guinea
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Top three tropical languages
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Lingua franca
- -A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
- -Bahasa Indonesia: simple, common lang in Indonesa. no prefixes or suffixes, past or future
- -Pidgin: spoken throughout PNG
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Where is English spoken in the tropics?
Oz, Singapore, India, Jamaica, Barbados, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, PNG, Namibia, Vanuatu
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Where is French spoken in the tropics?
French Polynesia (Tahiti), New Caledonia, Vietnam, Laos, West Africa, Madagascar, Haiti, Guadeloupe, French
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Where is Portuguese spoken in the tropics?
Brazil, Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique
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Where is Spanish spoken in the tropics?
latin and south america
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how to say hello and thanks
- -spanish: hola, gracias
- -portuguese: Bon dia, Obligada
- -french: bonjour, merci
- -swahili: jambo/mambo, ansante
- -tamil: vaanga, nandri
- -thai/lao: sawatdee, khawp khun (plus kaw or krap for f or m)
- -indo/malay: selamat pagi, terima kasih
- -pidgin: moning, tenkyu
- -hawaiian: aloha, mahalo
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Health: water
- -Traveler's diarrhea
- -Gherardia-Cholera
- *drink bottled water!
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Health: food
- -tape worms
- -hepatitis
- -traveler's diarrhea
- *eat meat well done, only eat fruits you can peel
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5 ways to prevent mosquito bites/malaria
- -stay away from malaria outbreak areas
- -stay inside sunrise and sunset
- -mosquito net
- -DEET 100%
- -take the pills
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Animal annoyances: What to watch out for
- 1. leeches
- 2. chiggers & ticks
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Crime annoyances: What to do to prevent crime
- 1. dont bring valuables
- 2. low key backpack
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Why should we care about forest biomass?
- 1. Carbon sequestration
- 2. Forest productivity
- 3. decomposition
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Islands act as great outdoor labs because
- 1. they are isolated
- 2. everything happens fast
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