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What is the scientific name of the Hawaiian State Flower?
Yellow Hibiscus (Hibiscus brackenridgei)
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Why is the Hawaiian State flower endangered?
Invasive species, fires, livestock, land development, deforestation
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What methods do you use to restore the Endangered State Flower?
place fences to keep out livestock, remove invasive species, create nurseries
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Why is tropical forest biomass important?
carbon sequestration, timber value, intrinsic value
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How do you study tropical forest biomass?
measure diameter and wood densities
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Aves: Birds and their natural history
- -oldest bird: archaeopteryx 130 mya
- -diff than reptiles: warm blooded
- -same as reptiles: legs, air in bones
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Four important things about how Birds reproduce?
- 1. cloaca: bump themselves together
- 2. breeding behavior: "call" to establish territory and to make presence known, "sing" for breeding
- 3. eggs and nests made of complex structures
- 4. sexual dimorphism
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What is the Diversity of Birds?
9,8000 species
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What country has the most birds?
columbia
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birds that represent each guild. (new world followed by old world)
- carnivores: vultures, griffons
- frugivores: toucan, horn bill
- insectivores: flycatchers, flycatcher
- nectarivores: hummingbirds, sunbirds
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What is interesting about bird books?
They're in evolutionary order
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Ratites
- -old school flightless birds
- -Africa: Ostrich
- -Australia: Emu
- -Australia: Cassowary
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Hawks and Vulture
- -order falconiformos
- -really good indicator of ecosystem health b/c they go extinct first
- -vultures ID things by smells, hawks use sight
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Pigeons
- -columbiformes
- -300 species
- -good fliers
- -frugivores
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Parrots
- -330 sp
- -frugivores: break up fruit and seeds with their beaks
- -7 sp in LA: green chevron parrots, amazona
- -endangered b/c of the pet trade
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Hummingbirds
- -300 sp
- -heartrate: 60/seconds
- -torpor: resting heart rate
- -establish territories
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Flycatchers LBB
- -New World: Tyranidae
- -largest family
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What do you know about native birds in Hawaii?
-population declining
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Three methods to study bird, what are they and how are they undertaken?
- 1. Mist netting
- -equipment: mist net - catch bird in the pouch
- -time: i.e. 1000 hours
- (+) standard
- (-) small area, most birds are from the understory
- 2. Line Transect
- -equipment: binoculars and recorder
- -measure species richness and abundance
- (+) good sample in short time
- (-) 75% need to be identified by sound
- 3. Point Counts
- -equipment: binoculars and recorder
- -points: good survey of a small area, survey all the birds w/in 30m for like 10 minutes
- -standard and repeatable
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What is the species area relationship?
100 fold increase in area to double the species.
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What forest types have the most bird species richness?
-Rainforests have the most birds species
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