Med Terms 3

• Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
• Alimentary canal

Separates oral and nasal cavity

Hangs in posterior portion of oral cavity, aids in production of SOUNDS & SPEECH

Assists in chewing, swallowing and speaking

Provide hard surfaces for mastication

aka Throat, a passageway for food traveling from the oral cavity to the esophagus & air traveling from the oral cavity to the esophagus

Muscular tube extending from pharynx to stomach, peristalsis propels food to the stomach

Where the esophagus connects to the stomach

Superior domed portion

Between the fundus & pylorus

Lower portion connecting to the small intestine

Folds of the stomach lining; contain glands that produce digestive enzymes

First section of the small intestine

Middle section of the small intestine

Terminal section of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine

Intestines, usually small

First portion of the large intestine

Extends from the cecum to the rectum in the large intestine

Extension that holds solid waste in the large intestine

Exit from the large intestine to the outside of the body

First portion of the colon

Second portion of the colon

Third portion of the colon

Fourth & terminal portion of the colon that joins with the rectum

• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• (Duodenum)

Produces & secretes bile into the gallbladder

Fluid that aids in digestion

Stores bile & sends it to the duodenum

Secretes juices into the small intestine that aids in digestion

Moistened food still inside the mouth

Partially digested food

Elimination of feces through the rectum

The act of swallowing

Chewing

Circular ring of muscle that constructs a passage or closes a natural opening

Solid waste products

Passage of bloody stools

Black, tarry stools due to occult blood

Blood in feces in amounts too small to be seen with the naked eye

Lack of appetite

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Rumbling or gurgling noise in the GI tract, movement of gas, fluid or both

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools, a result of acute infection or toxins

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth, bleching

Gas expelled through the anus, flatulence

Passage of bright red blood from the rectum, bleeding (colitis, ulcers, polyps in the colon or rectum)

Jaundice/icterus, yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of eyes

Black, tarry stools, feces contain digested blood

Fat in the feces

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Inflammation of the stomach & intestines

Inflammation of the pancreas

Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity

Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Solids & fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, heartburn caused by regurgitation of the hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus (can lead to esophagitis)

Organ (or part of an organ) protrudes through the muscle that normally contains it

Upper part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm

Part of the bowel protrudes through a weakened muscle in the lower abdomen

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membranes of the colon

Adenocarcinoma of the colon, rectum or both, can arise from polyps, diagnosed by COLONOSCOPY & blood in stool (MELENA)

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract, form of inflammatory bowel disease

Abnormal pouch on the wall of the intestines

Inflammation of a diverticulum

Affects the large intestine (colon), painful disease with alternating symptoms of constipation and diarrhea

Chronic inflammation of colon with presence of ulcers in colon & rectum, higher risk of COLON CANCER

Obstruction of the intestine

Screening test used to determine the presence of hidden blood in feces

Microscopic examination of feces for pathogens

Tests for the presence of enzymes & bilirubin

Use of an endoscope to examine the inside of organs

Process of examining the colon

Cancerous polyp

Process of examining the esophagus, stomach & duodenum

Process of examining the colon & descending colon with a flexible endoscope

Process of examining the rectum & anus

Process of examining the abdominal area

Lower GI series - barium is injected into the RECTUM via an enema

Upper GI series - barium is ingested via the MOUTH, X-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, small intestines

Abdominal ultrasonography, sound waves produce an image of viscera

Magnetic & radio waves produce images of tissues & organs, X-rays are NOT used

Insertion of a tube through the nose to the stomach for feeding or suction

Feeding maintained entirely by intravenous injection or other nongastrointestinal route

Removal of the appendix

Removal of the gallbladder

Removal of the stomach

Removal of a section of the stomach

Removal of polyps

Used to reduce stomach acid

Used to stop or prevent nausea & vomiting

Used to induce vomiting

Used to promote expulsion of feces

Medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

Medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of disorders of the anus & rectum