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The smallest living unit within the human body is
the cell.
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Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?
storage of cellular nutrients
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The organelles and the watery component of the cell together is called
cytoplasm.
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Many proteins in the cytosol are ________ that accelerate metabolic reactions.
enzymes
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Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?
microtubules
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In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to
matrix.
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Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the
Golgi apparatus.
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Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that
cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.
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The components of ribosomes are formed within
nucleoli.
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The control center for cellular operations is the
nucleus.
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The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are
genes.
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mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm.
proteins
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The DNA molecule is like a twisted ladder. What molecules form the "sides" of the DNA ladder?
alternating molecules of sugar and phosphate groups
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Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through
channels formed by integral proteins.
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"Spikes" form on a blood cell when it is placed in a(n) ________ solution.
hypertonic
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If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant,
the cells will swell.
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The intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid is called
endocytosis.
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A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates
phagocytosis
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The potential difference across the cell membrane is due to the separation of
cations and anions.
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What does DNA polymerase do?
Enzyme that builds new strands of DNA
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During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place?
Interphase
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When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________.
chromatids
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During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
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During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart?
Anaphase
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During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?
Telophase
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During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?
Prophase
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What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two?
Cytokinesis
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The stage in a cell's life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division is called
interphase
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During mitosis, chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes during
anaphase
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Before a cell divides, its DNA must be replicated to
supply each new cell with a full set of the genetic material
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If a cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have?
18
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The genetically programmed death of cells is called
apoptosis
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An alternate term for tumor is
neoplasm
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As genes are functionally eliminated, the cell becomes limited in the range of proteins it can make. This specialization process is termed
differentiation
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