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Pectoantebranchialis
In cats
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Pectoralis Major
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages 1-6
- Greater tubercle of humerus
- Flexes arm; adducts and medially rotates arm
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Pectoralis Minor
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- ribs 3,4,5
- Coracoid process of scapula
- Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
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External Oblique
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Lower 8 ribs
- Linea alba and pubic crest and tubercle, iliac crest
- Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion
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Internal Oblique
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Lumbar fascia; iliac crest; inguinal ligament
- Lower 4 ribs; linea alba; pubic crest
- Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion
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Transversus Abdominis
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Cartilages of lower 6 ribs; iliac crest
- Linea alba and pubic crest
- Compresses abdominal contents
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Rectus Abdominis
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
- Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
- Flexes and rotates trunk
- Note: What you use in sit-ups and curls. This may be difficult to expose, as it is tightly encased in the aponeuroses (tendon sheaths) of lateral muscles.
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External Intercostals
Action?
Raises ribs for inspiration
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Internal intercostals (viewed if external intercostals reflected)
Action?
Depresses ribs for forces expiration
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Diaphragm
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Cartilages of lowest ribs, lumbar vertebrae
- Central tendon
- Prime mover of inspiration (flattens on contraction)
- Notes: innervated by phrenic nerve: " C3, C4, C5- keeps the diaphragm alive"
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Serratus Ventralis (S. Anterior in human)
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Ribs 1-8
- Anterior surface of medial (vertebral) border of scapula
- Protracts and rotates scapula superiorly and laterally (“boxer’s muscle” - for punching and pushing)
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Trapezius
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Occipital bone, spines of C7 and T1-12 (all thoracic vertebrae)
- Spine and acromion of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
- Elevates, depresses, rotates and adducts scapula; secondary: extends head
- Note: The cat has three separate muscles, named according to insertion; human has one --- Clavotrapezius, Acromiotrapezius, and Spinotrapezius
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Deltoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Spine and acromion of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- Abducts arm (Antagonist of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi)
- Note: (Humans) Makes the shoulder round.
- The cat has three separate muscles, named according to origin; human has one --- Clavodeltoid, Acromiodeltoid, and Spinodeltoid
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Latissimus Dorsi
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest
- Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (near superior end of humerus)
- Extends arm; adducts and medially rotates arm
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Rhomboids (major and minor in human, minor more superior)
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Spinous processes of C7 - T5
- Medial border of scapula
- Stabilize scapula
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Supraspinatus
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Supraspinous fossa of scapula
- Greater tubercle of the humerus
- Abducts humerus
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Infraspinatus
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Infraspinous fossa of scapula
- Greater tubercle of the humerus
- Lateral rotation of humerus
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Subscapularis
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Subscapular fossa of scapula
- Lesser tubercle of humerus
- Medial rotation of humerus
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Teres Major
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
- Lesser tubercle of humerus
- Extends arm; adducts and medially rotates arm (synergist to latissimus dorsi)
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Teres Minor
Origin?
Insertion?
Action?
- Lateral border of scapula
- Greater tubercle of humerus
- Lateral rotation of humerus (synergist to infraspinatus)
- Notes: Diffcult to find in the cat; identify in human only
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