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what are the 2 parts of the nervous system?
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what are the 2 parts of the CNS?
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what are the 4 "parts" of the brain?
CCBV
- cerebellum
- cerebrum
- brainstem
- vestibular system
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what are the 4 sections of the spinal cord?
CTLS
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
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what are the 2 functions of the spinal cord?
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what are the 5 main functions that the cerebrum manages?
- behavior
- vision
- emotion
- learning
- logic
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what are the 2 functions that the brainstem manage?
- mental status
- vitals (HR, RR)
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what are the 2 functions that the vestibular system manages?
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what are the 2 functions that the cerebellum manages?
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if damage occurs on these vertebrae, the effects are to be seen on the front and rear legs
C1- T2
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if damage is seen on these vertebrae, the effects are to be seen in the rear legs
T3-L3
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if damage is seen on these vertebrae, the effects are to be seen in the rear legs and perineum (soft tissue in genital area)
L4-S3
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if damage is seen on these vertebrae, the effects are to be seen on the sciatic nerve and the perineum
S1-S3
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how many cranial nerves are there?
12
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which nerve can we visualize?
optic, behind the eye
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why do we need to know about the nervous anatomy?
- to ID and prognose dz
- localize lesions
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what are the 5 most common CS of nervous disorder?
BGMVT
- behavior change
- gait
- mental status
- vision
- seizures
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what are the 8 other possible CS of nervous disorder?
HCFWP
NPB
- head tilt
- circling
- falling
- weakness
- paralysis
- nystagmus
- pain
- breathing changes
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what is nystagmus?
- periodic rhythmic movement
- involuntary, in unison
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what are the 3 types of nystagmus?
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what are the 2 possible causes for nystagmus?
- physiological
- pathological
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what are the major parts of the neuro. exam?
- hx
- exam by vet/neurologist
- localize lesion/damage
- further testing
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what are the 5 possible tests to help dx the disorder?
***which is least helpful?
- MRI
- ***xray
- CSF
- CT scan
- bloodwork
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what are the part of the PE that are neurologic related?
(9) MPGRMPUCP
- Mental state
- posture
- gait
- reflexes
- muscle tone
- pain
- urinary fx
- cranial nerve tests
- proprioception tests
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what are we looking for with muscle tone?
asymmetry
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what are we doing to test proprioception?
(3)
PHW
- paw knuckling
- hopping
- wheel barrowing
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what cranial nerves does the PLR test?
2&3
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what cranial nerves does the Menace test?
2&7
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what cranial nerves does the corneal reflex test?
5&7
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what cranial nerves does the gag reflex test?
9&10
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what cranial nerves does the oculo-vestibular reflex test?
3, 4, 6, & 8
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miotic-
constricted pupils
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anisocorea-
diff. sized pupils
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what do relexes test?
peripheral nerves and pathways to the spinal cord
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what is the most common reflex test?
patellar reflex
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