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What is the cell theory?
- Building block of all plants and animals
- it is the smallest functioning unit of life
- exist only through divison of pre-exsiting cells
- maintain own homeostasis
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what is the fluid that surrounds the cell on the outside?
Extracelluar Fluid
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how thick is the cell membrane?
6-10nm thick
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What is a selective barrier and isolates the cytoplasm from extracellular fluid?
phospholipid bilayer
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What forms complex molecules with proteins and lipids? It was serves as a lubricant, adhesive, and identifiers for the cell?
Membrane Carbohydrates
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Which movement requires ATP and which movement doesn't?
- Passive-does not require ATP
- Active-Requires ATP
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What is movement of solute from a high concentration to a low concentration?
Diffusion
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What represents the difference between high and low concentration?
Concentration Gradient
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What is a passive process where water is moved from a higher solute concentration?
Osmosis
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If electrons are presents, will atoms read with other atoms?
No they won't
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Atoms can bond together by sharing, gathering, or losing electrons through chemical reactions, making this a?
Chemical bond
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Sharing of one pair of electrons is considered a what bond?
single covalent bond
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Sharing of two pairs of electrons is considered to be what kind of bond?
double covalent bond
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Which bond will bond with anything, too weak to create molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
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What are the three types of chemical reactions?
Dehydration, synthesis, exchange
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What type of chemical reaction breaks molecules into small parts? AB-A+B
Decompositon Reaction
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Enzymes belong to a class of what?
Catalyst
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If someone has a pH balance higher than 7 this is considered to be what?
Basic-alkaline
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If someone has a pH balance lower than 7 this is considered to be what?
Acidic
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Reactions that release energy are?
Exergonic
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Reactions that absorb energy are?
Endergonic
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What organic compound is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and has a ratio of 1:2:1?
Carbohydrates
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Liver and muscle store _____ and when needed it is broken into glucose.
Glycogen
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When not needed liver and muscle tissue abosorb glycogen to make a _____.
Glycogen reserve
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Disaccharides and polysaccharides are examples of what?
Carbohydrates
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Most lipids are _____in water?
Insoluable
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What is the most common steroid?
Cholestrol
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_____ is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is made up of chains of amino acids.
Proteins
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Nucleic acids are large organic molecules that store and process information, what is the two types of nucleic acids?
- DNA-deoxyribsonucleic acid
- RNA-ribonucleic acid
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The most important high-energy compound of the body is?
ATP-adenosine triphosphate
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Which of the nucleic acids drives the manufacture of proteins?
RNA
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What are negatively charged particles in an atom called?
Electrons
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Which type of chemical bond results when electrons are "shared"
Covalent Bond
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What type of reaction is "catabolism"
Decomposition reaction
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What do enzymes do?
Speed up a chemical reaction without the harsh affects produced by activation energy. They also belong to a class called catalyst.
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What is the name for a chain of simple sugars?
Monosaccharides
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The number of protons in an atom is considered to be its what?
Atomic number
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What is the average total number of protons and neutrons of a particular element?
Atomic weight or Atomic mass
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