The process of growing crops in a nutrient solution is called________________.
Chapter 8
hydroponics
Plants are __________________
chapter 8
Autotrophs
____________________ are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism.
chapter 8
Tissues
Mosses are _______________ plant.
chapter 8
nonvascular
The young leaves of ferns are known as _______________.
chapter 8
fiddleheads
The four basic crops of the world are _______________.
chapter 8
Wheat
Corn
Rice
Potatoes
Organisms that eat both plants and animals are called __________________
Chapter 10
Omnivores
An animal without a backbone
Chapter 10
invertibrate
An animal with many lines of symmetry is ___________________.
Chapter 10
Radial
Which animal is a medusa.
Chapter 10
Jellyfish
Which animal has a one-way digestive system?
Chapter 10
earthworms
All animals are made up of many __________.
Chapter 10
Cells
An _______________ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a job.
Chapter 10
Organ
Fish have _____________symmetry.
Chapter 10
Bilateral
The bodies of _______________contain many pores.
Chapter 10
Sponges
The bodies of roundworms are __________________________.
Chapter 10
cylindrical
Mollusks with tentacles are known as______________________.
Chapter 11
gastropods
The legs of arthropods are ______________.
Chapter 11
jointed
At which stage of it's development is a moth enclosed in a cocoon?
Chapter 11
pupa state
Chemicals released by insects that affect other insects of the same species are called__________________.
Chapter 11
pheromones
A seastar is a __________________.
Chapter 11
Echinoderm
All __________________ have an exoskeleton
Chapter 11
arthropods
All _______________ have two pairs of antennae
Chapter 11
Crustacean
All insect's midsection is called a __________________.
Chapter 11
Thorax
The production of light by an organism is called ___________________.
Chapter 11
bioluminescence
All echinoderms have an _________________.
Chapter 11
endoskeleton
The hardened remains of organisms are called
____________________.
Chapter 12
fossils
Which fishes do not have jaws, scales, or paired fins?
Chapter 12
lampreys and hagfish
A bony fish uses a swim bladder to do what?
Chapter 12
to regulate buoyancy
Adult frogs must return to the water to____________________.
Chapter 12
reproduce
Which of the following animals breathes with lungs:
a) shark
b) lamprey
c) larval salamnder
d) lizard
Chapter 12
lizard
Birds and mammals are _______________.
Chapter 12
endotherm
If a shark loses a ____________, another one will move into it's place.
Chapter 12
tooth
___________________is the force that pushes upward against an underwater object.
Chapter 12
Buoyant Force
Amphibians usually begin their lives _______________.
Chapter 12
in water
The _______________pumps blood to the lungs and body.
Chapter 12
ventricle
What characteristic is found only in birds?
Chapter 13
feathers
A four-chambered heart is an advantage because_______________
Chapter 13
it keeps oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood separate.
What causes the lift that allows a bird's wing to rise?
Chapter 13
reduced air pressure above the wing.
Which muscle helps mammals move air into and out of their lungs?
Chapter 13
diaphragm
Kangaroos, koalas, and opossums are ___________________.
Chapter 13
marsupial
_________________shows the link between birds and reptiles.
Chapter 13
Archaeopteryx
A bird's________________ grinds food.
Chapter 13
gizzard
The _______________air moves, the less pressure it exerts.
Chapter 13
faster
What is the function of fur and down feathers?
Chapter 13
Keeping the animal warm
___________________are mammals that lay eggs.
Chapter 13
Monotremes
The scent of a female moth causes a male to fly toward her. This scent is an example of ____________________.
Chapter 14
stimulus
If you could play the saxophone by instinct you would:
Chapter 14
B) play well the first time you tried.
When a male and female falcon share an acrobatic flight display, they are exhibiting......
Chapter 14
Courtship behavior
Some squirrels sleep all day and are active all night. This is an example of _____________________.
Chapter 14
circadian rhythm
When a bird travels from it's winter home in South America to New York, this is called_________________
Chapter 14
migration
A spider building a web exhibits __________________.
Chapter 14
instinct
Every day after school, you take your dog for a walk. Lately he greets your arrival with a leash in his mouth. Your dog's behavior is an example of __________________.
Chapter 14
Conditioning
An area that an animal will fight to defend.
Chapter 14
territory
Closely related animals of the same species work together for the group's benefit in a _________________.
Chapter 14
Society
Salmon return to fresh water to reproduce. This is and example of _______________.
Chapter 14
instinct
Which structure links the nervous system and the endocrine system?
Chapter 21
Hypothalamus
What is the male sex cell called?
Chapter 21
sperm
The release of an egg from an ovary is known as ______________.
Chapter 21
ovulation
Two individuals that develop from the same zygote are called__________________.
Chapter 21
identical twins
Sex organs develop rapidly during __________________.
Chapter 21
puberty
What gland produces adrenaline?
adrenal
The female reproductive glands are the ______________.
Chapter 21
ovaries
The joining of a sperm and egg is called ____________________.
Chapter 21
fertilization
The passageway through which an egg travels from the ovary to the uterus.
Chapter 21
Oviduct?
The physical changes of adolescence are controlled by what system?
Chapter 21
endocrine system
A dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns.
Chapter 20 Section 4
tar
When the substance inside tobacco is burned, a colorless, odorless gas is emitted. What is it?
Carbon monoxide
A drug that produces an addiction or physical dependence.
Chapter 20 Section 4
nicotene
Why do smokers cough frequently?
Chapter 20 Section 4
because their cilia cannot sweep away mucus
3 respiratory problems that result from long-term smoking.
chronic bronchitis
emphysema
lung cancer
A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes difficulty breathing?
Chapter 20 Section 4
Emphysema
What causes emphysema?
Chapter 20 Section 4
People don't get enough oxygen and can't adequately eliminate CO2
How do chemicals in tobacco smoke affect blood vessels?
Chapter 20 Section 4
Chemicals get into blood and are absorbed by blood vessels
What is passive smoking?
Chapter 20 Section 4
People inhale smoke from other people smoking.
List two reasons people start smoking .
Peer Pressure
Advertisements
Any chemical that causes changes in a person's body or behavior is a ______________.
Chapter 20 Section 4
drug
Legal drugs that help the body fight disease and injury.
Chapter 20 Section 4
Medicine
The state in which a drug user needs larger and larger amounts of drugs to produce the same effect on the body?
Chapter 20 Section 4
tolerance
The period of adjustment that occurs when a person stops taking drugs.
Chapter 20 Section 4
withdrawl
What produces mood-altering effects when breathed in?
Chapter 20 Section 4
inhalant
Synthetic chemical similar to hormones used by athletes to improve performance.
Chapter 20 Section 4
anabolic steroid
Slows down the activity of the central nervous system.
Chapter 20 Section 4
depressant
Speeds up body process.
Chapter 20 Section 4
stimulant
What type of drug is alcohol?
Chapter 20 Section 4
depressant
What is the most commonly abused drug in people age 12-17?
Chapter 20 Section 4
alcohol
the waxy waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of some plants
cuticle
a group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism
tissue
the internal transporting tissue in some plants that are made of tubelike structures
vascular tissue
the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell
fertilization
a fertilized egg produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg
zygote
the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores for reproduction.
sporophyte
the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes or sex cells.
gametophyte
a sperm cell or an egg cell
gamete
a low growing plant that lacks vascular tissue
non-vascular plant
the thin rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant.
rhizoid
a wetland where sphagnum moss grows on top of acidic water
bog
the blackish brown material consisting of compressed layers of dead sphagnum mosses that grow in bogs.
peat
a plant that has vascular tissue
vascular plant
the leaf of a fern
frond
method of growing plants in a solution of nutrients instead of soil.
hydroponicsm
a structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue
organ
a characteristic that helps and organism survive in it's environment or reproduce
adaptation
an animal that eats only plants
herbivore
an animal that eats only other animals.
carnivore
a carnivore that hunts and kills other animals for food, and has adaptations that help it capture the animals that it preys upon.
predator
an animal that a predator feeds upon.
prey
an animal that eats both plants and animals.
omnivore
an animal that does not have a backbone
invertebrate
an animal that has a backbone
vertibrate
line symmetry; the quality of being divisible into two halves that are mirror images.
bilateral symmetry
the quality of having many lines of symmetry that all pass through a central point.
radial symmetry
the immature form of an animal that looks very different from the adult.
larva
animal whose stinging cells are used to capture their prey and defend themselves. They take their food into a hollow central cavity
cnidarian
the cnidarian body plan characterized by a vase-like shape and is usually adapted for life attached to an underwater surface
polyp
the cnidarian body plan characterized by a bowl shape which is adapted for a free swimming life.
medusa
the ability of an organism to regrow body parts.
regeneration
the opening at the end of an organism's digestive system through which waste exits.
anus
an invertebrate with a soft, unsegmented body. Most are protected by hard outer shells.
mollusk
A major organ of the excretory system. Eliminates urea, excess water and other waste materials from the body.
kidney
an organism's breathing organ that removes oxygen from water.
gill
a flexible ribbon of tiny teeth in mollusks.
radula
a mollusk with a single shell or no shell.
gastropod
a mollusk that has two shells held together by hinges and strong muscles.
bivalve
a mollusk with feet adapted to form tentacles around it's mouth.
cephalopod
an invertebrate that has an external skeleton, a segmented body and jointed attachments called appendages.
arthropod
an outer skeleton
exoskeleton
the tough flexible material through which arthropod's exoskeletons are made.
chitin
the process of shedding an outgrown exoskeleton
molting
an appendage on the head of some animals that contains sense organs.
antenna
an arthropod that has two or three body sections, five or more pairs of legs, two pairs of antenna, and usually three pairs of appendages for chewing.
crustacean
a process in which an animal's body undergoes dramatic changes in form during it's life cycle.
metamorphesis
an arthropod with only two body sections.
arahnid
the hind section of an arachnid's body that contains reproductive organs and part of it's digestive tract. The hind section of an insect's body.
abdomen
an arthropod with three body sections, six legs, one pair of antenna, and usually one or two pairs of wings.
insect
an insect's mid-section to which it's wings and legs are attached.
thorax
a type of metamorphosis characterized by four dramatically different stages. Egg, Larva, Pupa and adult.
complete metamorphesis
the second stage of complete metamorphosis in which an insect is enclosed in a protective covering and gradually changes from a larva to an adult.
pupa
a type of metamorphosis in which an egg hatches into a nymph that resembles an adult and has no distinctly different larval stage.
gradual metamorphesis
a stage of gradual metamorphosis that usually resembles the adult insect.
nymph
protective coloration; a common animal's defense.
camouflage
a chemical release by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal of the same species.
pheromone
the production of light by a living organism.
bioluminescence
a radially symmetrical invertebrate that lives on the ocean floor and has a spiny internal skeleton.
echinoderm
an internal skeleton
endoskeleton
a system of fluid-filled tubes in an echinoderm's body.
water vascular system
the phylum whose members have a notochord,nerve-cord and slits in their throat area at some point in their lives.
chordate
a flexible rod that supports a chordate's back.
notochord
a connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that gives support to some parts of the body.
cartilage
backbone
vertebra
an animal whose body does not produce much internal heat.
ectotherm
an animal whose body controls and regulates it's temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces.
endotherm
a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of other plants and animals are cemented together.
sedimentary rock
a vertebrate that lives in the water and has fins.
fish
an internal gas filled organ that helps a bony fish stabilize it's body at different water depths.
swim bladder
an ectothermic vertebrate that spends it's early life in water and adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce.
amphibian
each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart.
atrium
a lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out to the lungs and body.
ventricle
the place where an organism lives and that provides the things an organism needs.
habitat
an ectothermic vertebrate with lungs and scaly skin, lays eggs with tough leathery shells.
reptile
a watery fluid produced by the kidneys that contains urea and other waste materials.
urine
And endothermic vertebrate that has feathers a four chambered heart and lays eggs
bird
a large feather that helps give shape to a bird's body
contour feather
short, fluffy feathers that trap heat and keep a bird warm.
down feather
a material that does not conduct heat well, and thus helps heat to not escape.
insulator
a bird's internal storage tank that allows it to store food inside it's body after swallowing it.
crop
an endothermic vertebrate with a four chambered heart, skin covered with fur or hair, and has young fed with milk from the mother's body.
mammal
teeth that, along with molars, grind and shred food into tiny bits.
premolars
teeth that along with pre-molars grind and shred food into tiny bits.
molars
the organs that produce the milk with which mammals feed their young.
mammary gland
mammal that lays eggs
monotreme
mammal who's young are born alive at an early stage of development, and continue to develop in a pouch on the mother's body.
marsupial
all the actions an animal performs
Behavior
the learning that occurs when an animal learns to perform a behavior more and more skillfully through repeated practice.
trial and error learning
the process of learning how to solve a problem or do something new while applying something that is already known.
insight learning
the capacity of a computer to perform complex tasks such as learning from experience and solving problems.
artificial intelligence
a process in which newly hatched birds or newborn animals learn to follow the first object they see.
imprinting
a threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another.
aggression
a group of closely related animals that work together for benefit of the whole group.
society
a state of greatly reduced body activity that occurs during the winter.
hibernation
an organ of the endocrine system that produces and releases it's chemical products directly into the blood stream.
endocrine gland
the chemical product of an endocrine gland that speeds up or slows down the activities of an organ or tissue.
hormone
a cell in the body that recognizes a hormone's chemical structure. A cell to which a hormone binds chemical.
target cell
endocrine gland just below the hypothalamus that communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities.
pituitary gland
a process in which a system is turned off by the condition it produces.
negative feedback
female sex cell
egg
male sex cell
sperm
the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell.
fertilization
the process by which living things produce new individuals of the same type.
reproduction
a fertilized egg produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg.
zygote
a rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin; contains DNA which carries the genetic information that controls inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type.
chromosome
organ of the male reproductive system in which sperm and testosterone are produced.
testis
a hormone produced by the testes that controls the development of physical characteristics in men.
testotsterone
an external pouch of skin in which the testes are located.
scrotum
a mixture of sperm cells and fluid.
semen
the organ through which both semen and urine leave the male body.
penis
an organ of the female reproductive system in which eggs and estrogen are produced.
ovary
a hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the development of adult female characteristics.
estrogen
the hollow muscular organ of the female reproductive system in which a baby develops.
uterus
a muscular passageway through which the baby leaves the mother's body
vagina
the monthly cycle when changes that occurs in the female reproductive system during which an egg develops and the uterus prepares for the arrival of the fertilized egg.
menstrual cycle
the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary into an oviduct. Occurs about halfway through a typical menstrual cycle.
ovulation
the process that occurs if fertilization does not take place. In which the thickened lining of the uterus break down and blood and tissue pass out of the female body through the vagina.
menstruation
a developing human during the first 8 weeks after fertilization has occurred.
embryo
a fluid filled sac that cushions and protects a developing fetus in the uterus.
amniotic sac
a membrane that becomes the link between the developing embryo and the mother.
placenta
a rope-like structure that forms in the uterus between the embryo and the placenta.
umbilical cord
a developing human from the 9th week of development until birth.
fetus
the stage of development between childhood and adulthood. When children become adults physically and mentally.
adolescence
the period of sexual development during the teenage years when the body becomes able to reproduce.
puberty
the pressure from friends and classmates to behave in certain ways
