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What are the four main regions of California?
- (1) Coast
- (2) Central Valley
- (3) Desert
- (4) Mountains
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About how far each year does the Pacific plate move along the San Andreas Fault?
1 inch
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The northern border of California is closest to which degree of latitude?
42 degrees
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California has been inhabited for about how many years?
13-15,000 years
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Which Spanish explorer is credited as the first European to land in california?
Juan Cabrillo
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Which port did Spanish galleons sail from as they traveled down the California coast on their way to Acapulco?
Manila
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Who is credited with establishing the first Christian mission in California?
Father Serra
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Overall, what was the main impact of the mission system on Native Americans?
- They became independent
- NA population reduced by 75%
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California came under the control of which country after Mexico gained its independence from Spain?
mexico
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What was the status of American Indians during the rancho period?
indentured servants
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What is the most notable cause of the survival of half the members of the Donner party?
cannibalism
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About how long did the Bear Flag Republic exist in California?
less than a month
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Who were the Californios?
Spanish-speaking people from Spain or Mexico who settled in California before the Mex-American War
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What was the outcome of the Capitulation of Cahuenga?
made California a part of the US
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What was the fastest way from the eastern part of the US to California during the Gold Rush?
by boat through Isthmus of Panama
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What was the California government's official position toward Native Americans during the gold rush?
extermination
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What was the original California Constitution's position on women?
women could own land but could NOT vote
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What event of 1861 speeded communication between California and the rest of the United States?
telegraph
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What was the main responsibility of federal troops from California during the Civil War?
control NA
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Who is credited with planning the transcontinental railroad?
Theodore Judah
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What was the main reason the railroad could continue after the death of its founder?
Inflated mileage payments from the gov't
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What were the relations between business and California government like at the turn of the twentieth century?
- business controlled gov't
- bribes and favoritism were common
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How does the 1906 San Fran earthquake compare with the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake?
SF quake was 15-20 times stronger
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Which book chronicles the lives of dust bowl immigrants to California?
The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck
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Which group of Japanese Americans did the US government consider a particular threat?
- Kibei
- the ones who were born in US but returned to Japan for education
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Approximately what percentage of Californian population is Caucasian?
less than 50%
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About how many people live in Cali? (making it the most populous state in the US
35 mill
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California was admitted as the ____ state in the US on September 9, 18__
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Cali senators are elected for ____ year long terms
four
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Cali assembly members are elected for ___ year long terms
two
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What is the highest point in the US? lowest?
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What california landmark was home to the gold rush and is now current day Yosemite Park?
Sierra Nevada Mtns
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Who gave California its name? How?
- Ordonez de Montalvo
- wrote about a fictional island called California
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California was mostly underwater until what?
the Pacific and North American plate pushed up mountains creating Cali
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The Pacific Plate will move how much is a person's average lifetime?
6-7 feet
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What is latitudes range?
0-90 degrees North and 0-90 degrees South at the poles
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Longitude lines run parallel to what?
The Prime Meridian
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The Prime Meridian runs through what city/country?
Greenwich, England
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What is longitudes range?
zero degrees at the Prime Meridian to 180 degrees east or 180 degrees west
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How are longitude and latitude expressed? (3)
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degrees are subdivided into __ _______
60 minutes (')
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Longitude lines become closer together as they converge at the ______ _____
North Pole
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By 400 AD, Native American had inhabited current day California for ______ years.
12,000
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Bering Strait connects ______ and ______ __________
Asia and North America (when it was a grassy area)
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Originally (5500 BC) Cali NA did not have any ________ ___________
written language
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The Spanish Monarchy was interested in spreading what?
Christianity
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In 1519, _____ sailed from Cuba to Mexico and Spain established a colony there called ___ ____
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Who sailed from the west coast of mexico along the Pacific Coast until he reached San Diego?
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
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Who were the first Europeans to set foot in Cali?
Cabrillo and his party
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Spanish explorers divided california into two differently named regions
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Who crossed the Pacific Ocean to complete his voyage around the world?
Sir Frances Drake
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What is the name of a large ship with three or more masts and square sails used by Spain?
galleon
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Who gave many popular cities today their name and reported Monterey Bay to be the most suitable port for transporting goods to and from Mexico?
Sebastian Vizciano
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Where was Father Serra's first mission established?
San Diego (1769)
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Eventually, the missions, pueblos, and presidios (forts) formed a chain near the coast of Cali near the __ ______ ____?
el camino real
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El Camino Real contained __ missions, __ pueblos, __ presidios
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At the beginning of the mission system, the NA population was less than
75,000
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The mission system was based on what presumption?
NA needed help to become Roman Catholics
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NA population declined about __% during the mission period
75%
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Mexico gained its independence from _____ in 1821
Spain
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In 1834, California Governor ______ ________ ordered that the missions be __________ and ordered that half the lands should be distributed to NAs (didn't happen though)
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Who formed the new elite California society?
rancheros (owned a lot of land, cattle, etc.)
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What year marks the end of the 65 year mission period?
1834
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Almost immediately after Mexican Independence, who declared its own independence? From who?
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Who was a map maker and surveyor who is partially responsible for the Bear Flag Revolt (1846)?
John Fremont
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Who proclaimed Cali possession of the US just a month after the Bear Flag revolt?
Commodore Stout
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Who marched troops from Kansas to New Mexico and then on to California to battle the Californios?
Stephen Kearney
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The Californios surrendered to the US forces and signed the what?
Capitulation of Cahuenga
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in 1848, what ended the MExican-American War?
The Treaty of Guadalupe
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California was officially a part of the US thanks to the Treaty of Guadalupe and the _____ _____ was fulfilled
Manifest Destiny
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What began in 1849 and began a wave of immigration to Cali?
Gold Rush
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How did most easterners reach California?
overland trail
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The miners who remained even after an unsuccessful gold mining did what two things?
- left the state
- blended in with the population becoming merchants (Levi Strauss began selling Levi jeans)
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Who was the hardest hit minority group during the Gold Rush era?
NA
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The NA population reduced by __% during the Gold Rush era and it was funded by ____?
- 80%
- state and federal funds
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In 1849 delegates drew up a constitution for Cali that did what three things?
- established current state borders
- allowed women to own property
- "Free state" (no slavery)
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When did stagecoach service begin and how long did it take to carry the mail from coast to coast?
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When did the Pony Express service begin and how long did it take to carry the mail?
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When did the telegraph come about?
1861
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The Civil War made travel and commerce difficult. What was the solution?
Transcontinental railroad
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During the Civil War, what was the main duty of the Cali troops?
control the NAs
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What war is the only indian war in Cali? Who was the conflict b/w?
- Modoc War (1872)
- gov't and NAs
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What would be the most difficult part of the railroad building? What were Judah's first two steps?
- Sierra Nevada Mts.
- explore the mts and may a suitable route
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Who were the Big Four who financed the railroad?
- Huntington
- Hopkins
- Stanford
- Crocker
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The Railroad Act of 1862/1864 said what?
- Central RR could build from Sacramento to Nebraska
- Union RR could build from the east to Omaha
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Who did most of the labor on the RR from 1863-1869?
chinese workers
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What four things led California into the 1900s?
- Oil
- Agriculture
- Citrus
- Movies industry
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When did the motion picture begin?
1908
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When were huge oil deposits found?
1920s
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when did the panama canal open?
1914
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Farmers had battles regarding what?
water
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What number on the Richter scale was the SF earthquake?
7.9-8
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How long did the fires burn after the SF quake? How many people were evacuated?
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Huge migration came from what historical event where a large area of land became impossible to farm?
Dust Bowl
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The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941 created many?
defense-related jobs
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From what years were 120,000 Japanese held in ten internment camps?
1942-1946
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After WWII, California entered an age of ____, ____, and ______.
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