Chem - 2

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Solubility
- -ΔG = spontaneous, solute is soluble
- +ΔG = nonspontaneous, solute is not soluble
Mole fraction (X)

X = number of moles in compound/ total number of moles
Molality (m)

m = moles of solute/ kg of solvent
normality (N)

N = # of equivalents/ liters of solution

or

N = (molarity)(n)
Solubility product constant
Ion product

to determine where the system is with respect to equilibria

IP = same as k_sp
Vapor pressure depression: Raoult's law
- P_A₌vapor pressure above solution
- X = mole fraction of solvent
- P^o_A= vapor pressure above solvent
- When solute is volatile:
B=solute
Boiling point elevation
De
- i = moles of particles dissolved into solution/ moles of solute molecules
- m = molality
Freezing point depression
Osmotic pressure

Π =
K_{a of weak acid}
- low k_a = low pH/high pka
Titrations
- N= normaliy
- V = volume
pH of a buffer

when concentrations are equal (log 1=0) ph=pka
Formal charge

group number - nonbonding electrons - 1/2bonding electrons

Author

220998

Card Set

Chem - 2

Description

Updated

2013-05-25T19:17:20Z

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