What is the deciding factor that determines the severity of TOF?
Degree of PS
Degree of RVOT obstruction
What is Ebsteins?
Congenital disorder: faulty dev't of RVIT; short septal leaflet
2D appearance of Ebsteins
Sail-like leaflet
RAE
RV small
LV squished
RVVO (paradoxical septal motion)
TV displacement >20mm
What is the deciding factor that determines the severity of Ebsteins?
If you see TV in PSLX @ same time you see MV.....bad
What is Eisenmenger's Syndrome?
Reversal of congenital shunt Rt--> Lt ; secondary to severe PHTN
List the 3 types of pulmonary stenosis:
1. Infundibular (RVOT)
2. Valvular (MC)
3. Supravalvular
More common in females
List the 4 types of Truncus Arteriosus
1. Single PA arise from truncus
2. LPA & RPA arise close together
3. LPA & RPA arise independently (opposite side)
4. Absent PA
TOF is a ___________________ __________________ defect.
bulbus cordis
"Blue Baby" implies:
deoxygenated blood to system d/t shunt and increased Rt sided pressures.
RAP = ?
RVSP
On doppler, increased (with stenosis) pulmonary artery pressure = ________________ a dip
increased
What would you see in an adult with a TOF repair?
VSD patch (bright)
AO still enlarged (AI?)
RVOT some problems still?
PI
With Ebstein's, what associated anomaly do you see 75% of the time?
(like to see....keeps the baby alive)
ASD
What is Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome?
extra electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles is present at birth
If in PSLX you see RVE, thick TV what would you think is wrong with this heart?
Ebsteins
Ebsteins Qp/Qs is about?
What's a normal Qp/Qs?
1 : 1.7
1 : 1
Can Eisenmenger's be repaired?
What happens if medications do not work?
No
Transplant (heart and lung)
Why is there a decreased incidence of Pulmonary Stenosis than in the past?
decreased incidence of maternal rubella
What is the MC form of pulmonary stenosis?
valvular
Hemodynamic status of truncus hinges on whether the PA configuration allows adequate ________________ ______________ _______________.
Pulmonary blood flow
How do you differentiate TOF vs. truncus?
1. placement of PA
2. ID origin of PA off truncus then you know not TOF
What does TAPVR stand for?
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Define: TAPVR
All pulmonary veins going into Rt side of heart
(need a shunt to live)
(MC into SVC)
What are the 2 types of TAPVR?
1. Obstructive
2. Nonobstructive
What is obstructive venous return?
think "abdomen"
veins go through abdomen via hepatics to diaphragm and to heart
What is non-obstructive venous return?
think "cardiac"
SVC to behind heart
coronary sinus
or directly to RA
Define: Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Associated with sinus venosus ASD
Any # pulmonary veins in any combination may drain into any of several venous structures
Define: Cor Triatriatum
MMB results from fusion of the common pulmonary veins and embryonic LA does not regress completely (upper and lower)
3 pts:
mmb
PV drains to up
MV stenotic appearance
Define: Double Outlet RV
Both great arteries part/totally arise from RV
Define: Tricuspid Atresia
No TV
RVIT failed to form
Dimple or mmb on floor of RA
Define: Pulmonary Atresia
No PV
Cyanotic Heart Disease
Prox - Dist = RVOT can't be connected
Define: MV Atresia
No MV
Very rare & potentially a lethal heart
Define: Aortopulmonary window
a shunt
Connection btw AO & PA usually circular in shape and midway between PV and bifurcation of main pulmonary artery
Because of the obstruction of mmb in cor triatriatum, the flow on doppler is _______________ with ________________ velocity which is detected proximal to MV
turbulent
high
What is imperative for survival when one has a double outlet right ventricle?
VSD
If you have tricuspid atresia, you do not want an ASD or VSD? T / F?
F
need for baby's survival
What is the difference between PDA & aortico -pulmonary window?
location
2 common cardiac mechanisms causing cyanosis?
1. Obstruction of pulmonary blood flow with proximal Rt -->Lt shunting
2. Large volume venous mixtures
What is associated with obstruction of pulmonary blood flow with prox rt to lt shunting? (4)
TOF
Eisenmengers
Ebsteins
Tricuspid Atresia
What is associated to Cyanosis d/t large VOLUME of venous mixtures? (3)
1. Persistant truncus arteriosus
2. TAPVR
3. Transposition of Great Vessels (AO arises off RV thus receives desat syst venous blood)