The digestive system part 2

form the internal walls of the oral cavity.  They are covered internally by a mucous membrane, Buccinator muscles and connective tissue lie between the skin and mucous membranes of the cheeks

are fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth. They contain orbicularis oris muscle and are covered internally by a mucous membrane

of the oral cavity is a space bounded externally by the cheeks and lips and internally by the gums and teeth

the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth. It is formed by maxillae and palatine bones and is covered by a mucous membrane; it forms a bony partition between the oral and nasal cavities

forms the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth. It is an arch shaped muscular partition between the oropharynx and nasopharynx that is lined with mucous membrane

hanging from the free border of the soft palate is a conical muscular process called the uvula.  During swallowing it and the soft palate are drawn superiorly, closing off the nasopharynx and preventing swallowing foods and liquids from entering the nasal cavity.

is a gland that releases a secretion called saliva into the oral cavity.  When food enters the mouth secretion of saliva increases, and it lubricates, dissolves and begins the chemical break down of the food

are located inferior and anterior to the ears, between the skin and the masseter muscle. each secretes saliva into the oral cavity via a parotid duct that pierces the buccinator muscle to open into the vestibule opposite the second upper molar teeth

are found in the floor of the mouth, they are medial and partly inferior to the body of the mandible

run under the mucosa on either side of the midline of the floor of the mouth and enter the oral cavity proper lateral to the lingual frenulum

are beneath the tongue and superior to the submandibular glands

open into the floor of the mouth in the oral cavity proper

99.5% water and 0.5% solutes.  Not all glands secrete the same ingredients.  The main ones are sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate.

a digestive enzyme that acts on starch

the secretion of saliva that is controlled by the ANS

an accessory digestive organ composed of skeletal muscle covered with mucous membrane.  It forms the floor of the oral cavity.

originate outside the tongue (attach to bones in the area) and insert into connective tissues in the tongue.  They move the tongue from side to side and in and out to maneuver food.

originate in the tongue.  They alter the shape and size of the tongue for speech and swallowing

a fold of mucous membrane in the midline of the undersurface of the tongue. it is attached to the floor of the mouth and aids in limiting the movement of the tongue posteriorly

contain receptors for touch and increase friction between the tongue and food, making it easier for the tongue to move food in the oral cavity.

in the lamina propria of the tongue secrete both mucus and a watery serous fluid that contains the enzyme lingual lipase, which acts on triglycerids