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Define: Political Integration
where activities are organized and centralized
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Bulletpoint 4 types of political organizations
- Bands
- Tribes
- Chiefdoms
- States
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Bulletpoint 5 characteristics of a state
- Large Pop.
- Gov.
- Economy
- Collect Taxes
- Draft men
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Provide a reason we follow state power
government protection/food
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Define: Segmentary Lineage system
one type of tribal integration based on kinship
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Matching:
- Crime
- warfare
- civil war
- negotiation
- mediation
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Define: Codified laws
formal principles for resolving disputes n heterogeneous stratified societies
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Define: Capital Punishment
the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime
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Define: Ordeal
Seeing if someone is guilty for a crime by exposing them to painful or dangerous tasks to see if they are under supernatural control
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Define: adjudication
Judge makes a decision on a civil dispute
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Define: Raiding
short term use of force organized to realize a limited objective
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Define: Universality Law
all societies have regularized peaceful ways of handling at least certain disputes
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Why are some societies more violent than others?
aggressive sports and desensitization to violence through media and culture
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Define: religion
attitudes or beliefs, supernatural higher beings
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Define: Supernatural
not subject to the laws of nature
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Explain Edward Tylors Approach to religion
religion is organized in peoples states, Animism belief in a soul
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Define: animism
the attribution of a living soul to plants or inanimate objects
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Explain Emeal Durkheims approach to religion
Religion provides community
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Matching:
- anamatism- supernat. force
- mana-where force goes
- taboo-
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bulletpoint two categories of supernatural beings.
- gods/spirits
- ghosts/ancestral beings
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2 characteristics of gods/spirits
- created themselves and other gods
- take different forms
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Define: monotheism
belief in one god
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Define: polytheism
many gods
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5 ways we interact with the supernatural
prayer,physiological experience, simulation, feasts, sacrifices.
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define: physiological experience
doing something to the body and mind
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give examples of simulation
immitation of something voodoo dolls
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give one reason for human sacrifice
please gods, make it rain
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define: sorcery
use of materials or objects, and medicines to invoke supernatural malevolence.
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one reason for the belief in witchcraft
explain events for which the cause is unknown
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bulletpoint 4 types of religious practitioners
- shamans
- sorcerers/witches
- mediums
- priests
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define: applied anthropology
explicitly concerned with making anthropological knowledge useful
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what is our first code of ethic
everything should be done to ensure that their welfare and dignity are protected
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bulletpoint the three barriers that hinder change
- overcoming resistence
- discovery
- utilizing local channels of influence
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define Cultural resource management (CRM)
recovering and preserving the archaeological record left by the ancestors of living people.
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define: forensic anthropology
identifying human remains to solve crimes by applying knowledge of physical anthropology.
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Define: ethnomedicine
knowledges of a cultural group how they play a part in their health
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bulletpoint the 4 categories used by healers
- naming process
- personality of dr.
- patients expectations
- curing techniques
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Why is AIDS and HIV considered a social issue?
because it is a preventable disease. knowledge and precaution can greatly reduce the issue
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bulletpoint 3 global social issues
- AIDS
- under nutrition
- women's rights
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define: social problem
social issues that either directly or indirectly affect a person or many members of a society
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bulletpoint two forms of violence
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provide one reason for wife or women abuse.
to continue control by men
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provide one reason for high crime rates
wage gap
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one reason for war
fear of loss of resources
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define: state terrorism
government killing their own
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what are universal human rights
access to food, clean water, shelter, safety
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define: cultural relativism
the attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be viewed within the context of that society's problem/opportunities.
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