Oral Pathology

A circumscribed elevated lesion that is no more than 5mm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister

A small circumscribed lesion usually less tha 1 cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface for normal surrounding tissue

A small elevated lesion less than 1cm in diameter that contains serous fluid

A palpable solid lesion up to 1cm in diameter found in soft tissue. May occur above, level with, or beneath the skin

In blacks, a generalized opalescence of the buccal mucosa

Lining of the blood vessel walls by white blood cells

After pavementing, WBC escape from the blood vessel and enter into the injured tissue

The movement of WBC to the periphery of blood vessel walls

Directed movement of WBC to injured tissue

Primary cell involved in acute inflammation
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
First cell to emigrate to site of injury

Second cell to participate in the inflammatory response
Macrophage

60-70% of white blood cell population
Primary function: Phagocytosis then death

Helper during immune response
Phagocytosis
3-8% of WBC

Early phase of inflammation
Induce Pain
Mediates inflammation by causing increased dilation and permeability of blood vessels
Activated by plasma and injured tissue

Cascade of plasma proteins
Mast cells release granules containing histamine
Cause cell death by creating holes in cell membrane

Involved in the inflammatory response by causing increased vascular dilation and permeability, tissue pain and redness, and changes in conective tissues

Fever producing substances produced by WBC and pathogenic microorganisms

Increase in circulating WBCs

Increase in cell number

Increase in cell size

Becomes scar tissue

Degeneration of the tissue of the lips caused by sun exposure

Mucocele-like lesion that froms unilaterally on the floor of the mouth associated with sublingual and submandibular salivary gland ducts

Dry Socket
Blood clot breaks down before healing has taken place

Primary WBC involved in immune response
Able to recognize and respond to an antigen
20-25% of WBCs
3 types

Matures and resides in lymphoid tissue
Plasma cells and B memory cells

Produce proteins called antibodies (aka immunoglobulins) that are carried in blood serum

Antibody combined with an antigen

Travel to thymus to mature
Many different functions

Involves the production of antibodies
B lymphocytes are primary cells

Involves lymphocytes working alone or assisted by macrophages

Plasma cells produce IgE as a response to the antigen
Reaction occurs within minutes after exposure to previously encountered antigen
Anaphaylaxis

Compliment components participate in this type of reaction
Rhesus incompatibility

Type of reaction in autoimmune diseases

Delayed hypersensitivity
Ex: PPD test

Causes target, iris, or bull's eye lesions
Most severe form is Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Wickham's striae
Erosive and bullous forms
Clinically described as desquamative gingivitis
Chronic disease

Triad of arthritis, urethrisis, and conjunctivitis

Autoimmune disease affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in dry mouth and eyes

Breakdown of cellular epithelial attachment (acantholysis)
Nikolsky's sign
Ashkenazic Jews

Fungal Infection involving primarily the lungs

Multiple white to pale-pink nodules on oral mucosa caused by HPV

Caused by coxsackievirus
vesicles on soft palate, fever, malaise, sore throat, dysphagia

Viral infection caused by paramyxovirus
Koplik's spots, small erythematous macules with white necrotic centers, appear in oral cavity

Caused by paramyxovirus
Painful swelling of salivary glands, usually bilateral parotid

Caused by epstein-barr
White lesion on lateral border of the tongue

Cyst forming around unerupted or developing tooth
Eruption cyst is very similar

Cyst that forms in place of a tooth, most often third molars

Frequent recurrence
Epithelium 8-10 cell layers thick
Most common in mandibular third molar region

Most often in mandibular canine-premolar area on lateral aspect of tooth root

Similar to lateral periodontal cyst but in soft tissue

Cyst that usually occurs in males 40-60 years old
Heart shaped

Cyst located at midline of hard palate

Pear-shaped cyst located between the roots of the maxillary lateral incisor and canine

Cyst presents as a raised nodule in the skin of the face or the neck

Cyst with dough-like consistency
Usually in other parts of body but when it occurs in the mouth it is usually on the anterior floor of the mouth

Pinkish-yellow raised nodule usually on the floor of the mouth or the lateral borders of the tongue
Arrises from epithelium trapped in lymphoid tissue

Pseudocyst on lingual mandibular bone

Traumatic bone cyst not lined by epithelium
Scalloping around tooth roots

Honeycomb or soap bubble appearance on radiograph
Pseudocyst filled with blood

Most common supernumerary tooth

Second most common supernumerary tooth

Two crowns, one root

Two roots, one crown

Ghost teeth

Teeth that do not erupt because of the lack of erupted force

Infection of a primary tooth causing enamel hypoplasia of the permanent tooth

Cells that vary in size and shape