Psyc 357 Exam 2

The belief that individuals using the power of science and technology must exercise full control over society, environment, and their own bodies.

A comprehensive viewpoint of society and human behavior based on the idealistic enchantment with the individuality, spontaneity, and passion.

Belief that the living could correspond with the deceased through special channels of communication

Clear seeing, it stood for the supposed extrasensory power of an individual. The power to see or feel objects or events that could not be perceived by the senses or measure objectively.

Connecting the size and shape of the brain with human behavior and the individual’s personality.

Capable of receiving and combining certain qualities transmitted through nerves.

An Exact science of the functional relations of dependency between body and mind.

The process that connects psychological elements by association.

Process of organizing mental elements together AKA active process of attention.

The value of an object or action is defined by its utility or usefulness. Focuses on the consequences of a behavioral act.

A way of approaching situations or solving problems that emphasizes practical applications and consequences. Refers to a specific philosophical school..

Focused on the dynamic purposes of psychological experience rather than on its structure. Mental states are influenced by changing behavior within a complex environment.

Species that explain the creation of the universe and of all living organisms as an act of god.

A species evolves as a result of competition, which serves as a filter preserving the organisms that have advantageous characteristics.

The use of science by the government or other social institutions to improved society through policies.

Name of a theory that proposed a way of improving society by improving people’s

Of, relating to, or denoting factors that can be transmitted genetically from one generation to another.

Designed by G. Stanley Hall. Relies heavily on evolutionary views. Children will be to their full potential if not forced with constraints but go through stages freely. There are 3 elements: 1) Embrace evolutionary theory/never ending adjustment to changing social conditions. 2) Call on psychologists to study childhood and adolescence within a specific social context. 3) Amon the first in psychology to pay special attention to adolescence as a stage in human development.

A collective attempt by some professionals in the US and Canada to bring psychology into the classroom and use psychology in developing solutions to specific educational problems.

Everything must be regulated: every operation, movement and step.

Study of hypnosis by Bekhterev, used to treat some behavioral problems and attempted to provide evidence of therapeutic success. Specific forms of energy exchange take place between a therapist and a client.

A term used to reflect the competition between psychology and medicine. From a psych standpoint, psychopathology is the brand of psychology concerned with abnormal psych. The study of its origins, development, and manifestation of psych disfunction.

An individuals persistent, overwhelming anxiety and avoident behavior.

Psychological and physical complaints without and identifiable anatomical defect of physiological malady.

Syphilis of the central nervous system.

The required attention of medical professionals to treat persistent violence, sex crimes, homelessness, and chronic drug abuse.. Reflected the way many people understood mental illness.

Disturbances of orientation, thought, attention, emotion and will; hallucinations. Appears in three forms: Hebephrenic, catatonic, and paranoid. The resembles today’s schizophrenia.

Comparing clinical observations of a patient’s abnormal symptoms with the reliable date about brain pathology, most likely obtained during an autopsy on the patients brain.

A generational regress in physical and psychological traits.

The assumption that some forms of mental illness results from serious misfortunes in a patient’s life. Therefore to return to normal mental state, patient should experience passion and trust. Through learning and hope, lost qualities of good behavior could be restored.

An eclectic conglomerate of intellectual and health care professionals whose beliefs were driven by a mix of Darwinism, progressivism, social engineering and prejudice.

Social movement and therapeutic practice that turned the attention of millions of people to psychology and its practical applications.

A type of description or scientific approach to portray animal behavior in humans.

The study of the emergence, development, and behavior or groups that display their collective activity in unity.

Reflexes only appear under certain conditions. Reflexes that must be learned.

The process, according to Pavlov, or confluence between excitement and inhibition.

A feeling that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way.

The first couple of times trying to do something it may take more time, but the more you do something correctly, the quicker you can do it.

The scientific principle standing for the necessity to seek the simplest explanations available to explain complex phenomena.

Bekhterev’s idea or theory about objective psychology and the concepts of reflex and adaptation.

Focused on behavior and physiological processes taking place within the brain and the nervous system.

Language as a form of communication. The belief that words are just sounds, until a person associated a meaning of those words.

A reflection of the functional ability of the neurons to maintain the state of activation or excitement without developing self protecting inhibition.

A physical and chemical reaction of orientation of the organism in a field of force.

Basic biological functions. You don’t have to learn how to do it. (salivating when you see really appealing food)

So it would have no apparent meaning in the German language.

The use of the methods of natural science to study memory.

1) Analysis of elements of consciousness 2) finding the manner of connection of the elements 3) finding of the laws of this connection.

Feelings

1)The observer should be in a position to observe the phenomena under investigation 2) The observer should be in a state of anticipatory attention. 3) The experiment should be repeated 4) The conditions under which the observed phenomena occur should be determined through variation of the experimental condition.

Study of “higher mental processes”

1) Associated with sensing and imaging 2) Associated with judging, such as accepting or recalling. 3) Associated with psychological phenomena such as hating or loving.

Cognitive evaluative theory

Modern biology

Quality, intensity, duration, and clearness.

He challenged common belief that emotion came first, followed by bodily reaction. He believed it was the other way around, and that emotions are tied into bodily expressions and we simply cannot exist without them.

The self, the object, and that of the self’s relation or attitude toward that object.

Passive experiences

• Pragmatism: The doctrine that holds that the meaning of an idea or proposition lies in it’s observable practical consequences. Think solving problems practically.
• Utilitarianism:  The approach that suggests that the value of an object or action is determined by its utility or usefulness.

He wanted to see if twins who shared the same natural features become different when raised in dissimilar environments.

Cattell. Definition: The procedures used to measure mental energy of the participants of psychological experiments.

A field of research attempting to explain why crime takes place.

A biological predisposition.

To produce individuals with various potentials for criminality.

Patients with neurosis are aware of their problems and acknowledge the oddness of their behavior.

Patients-Lunatics, feebleminded, the insane, the distracted, the distempered in minds, fools. Custody places and treatment facilities- Asylums, madhouses, jails, almshouses, fools’ houses. Therapists- Alienists, medical superintendents, neurologists, psychiatrists.

That the destruction of certain brain areas could seriously affect important psychological functions.

He used to be smart, reliable and efficient worker, after the accident he was erratic, rude, often impatient and stubborn.

Tied to lesions of the third frontal convolution of the brain/pathology of the frontal lobe. Ability to speak is based on several brain functions.

A way to treat violence, sex crimes, homelessness or chronic drug abuse with medicine.

Between the psychologist and the physicians and psychiatrists. The medical field workers believed that they should exclude psychologist. The only people able to get a license to practice legally were medical doctors. This also limited the research that psychologists were doing; they were only allowed to conduct tests, but were not able to interpret them or give recommendations.

• 1) They incapacitated  some violent individuals, providing relief for families and communities. 
• 2) Supposed to provide treatment
• 3) Gave medical professionals a unique opportunity to collect empirical data about a wide range of symptoms of mental illness and test various methods of treatments.

The assumption that some forms of mental illness results from serious misfortunes in a patient’s life. Therefore to return to normal mental state, patient should experience passion and trust. Through learning and hope, lost qualities of good behavior could be restored.

Autistic disorder and dyslexia

A specially designed cage or enclosure that opens by tripping a latch. It worked with 3 procedure: 1) he counted the number of trials attempted before each animal escaped from the box. 2) he measured the time that the animal took to escape. 3) he measure habit formation.

Thorndike believed it should take a cat a lo of time to escape from the puzzle box, but after each trial the cat spent less time and have fewer trials before a successful solution.

Has three functions: strength, balance, and agility.

Reflex and adaptation

The study of the emergence, development, and behavior or groups that display their collective activity in unity.

He believed in the concept of energy. Energy does not disappear but transforms from one form to another.

1) stimulus and response (behavior is a set of responses to specific signals) 2) habit formation (bahavioral responses become useful and retained 3) habit integration (simple reactions develop in complex acts)

That the cause of mental illness and deviance were maladaptive habits, and it was a habit disturbance.

By being divided into 3 categories: Love, fear and rage. These are conditioned responses or habits learned in childhood.

1) he converted language of “common sense” into the language of experimental research. 2) Simplicity: understandable and attractive to many psychologists 3) Controversial studies 4) practicality 5) Inspiration

Of natural science.