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Does a bird have to be anesthtized for radiology to be performed?
no it can also be awake
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Time/speed setting on radiograph?
1/120sec
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What 2 views are used for radiographs?
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How often should the bird be monitored during radiology?
constantly
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What may be used to restrain a bird?
a bird board aka miami vice
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What is the inhalent of choice in avians?
isoflurane
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What type of intubation is possible?
air sac
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Mask induction = _% and _L/min O2
2% and 2L/min O2
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Should a cuffed tube be used? Why?
No they have complete rings a cartilage in their trachea
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During long procedures what _L/min?
1L/min
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What should be elevated above the crop during anesthesia?
the head and glottis
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What are birds predisposed to during anesthesia? HT,HV,A
- hypothermia
- hypoventilation
- acidosis
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What is used to monitor during anesthesia? PO,HS,EL,E,D,B
- pulse oximeter on leg
- heat support
- eye lubricant
- EKG
- doppler
- BP
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What are the best indicators of anesthetic depth?
respiration rate and depth
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What is another thigns birds are prone to during anesthesia and surgery?
hypoglycemia
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Fasting is not recommended prior to gas anesthesia, but....
crop should be empty
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Where is the crop?
right of the throacic inlet
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Small birds should never go without food for more than _ hours
3
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What kind of breathers should be used?
Non-rebreathers
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Is nail and beak trimming necessary?
normally not
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What should be used for nail and beak trimming?
dermal tool and quick stop if there is bleeding
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Birds have difficulty doing what?
clotting
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Lateral surfaces of the mandible should be even what?
lateral surfaces of the maxilla.
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The tip of the maxiallary beak is not to be even with what?
the mandible
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Why are crop washes performed?
to dx crop infx (bacteria, fungi,etc)
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Why are choanal cultures performed?
to dx infx of upper respiratory tract
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Why is a cloacal swab done?
to dx infx of lower GI tract
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What vein gives the best yeild, lies on the ventrolateral surface of the neck, and is 2/3 larger that the left version of it?
right juglular vein
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What vein lies on the medial surface of the proximal ula and is used for hydration?
cutaneous ulnar vein AKA basillic vein
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What vein lies on the medial side of the tibiotarsus?
medial metatarsal vein
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What influences the vein chosen for blood draw?
the size of the bird
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What size syringe is used?
1ml-3ml
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What guage needle is used?
22-25g
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What is the amount of blood that can safely be taken from a bird?
1% of its bodyweight (1ml/100g)
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What is the total blood volume of a bird?
10% of its bodyweight
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Where does the jugular lie specifically?
apteryla
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Caging while in the hospital includes:SCD
- separatefrom other animals
- cover cage
- disposable perches
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Since sick birds have trouble regulating temperature what should the temperature be set at in the hospital?
80-90 F
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How often should birds be weighed to monitor weight gain in the hospital?
2-3 times a day
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Why should the crop be monitored?
to check if it is emptying promply
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Why are tablets or medications put into food or water not recommended to give orally?
their absorption varies in the bird
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What type of oral med can be given?
a liquid
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Where should a IM injection be given?
pectorals
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Where should a SQ injection be given?
patagium
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Caudal to the respiratory system what should be avoided?
nephrotoxic drugs
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Where are IO catheters placed?
ulna or tibiotarsus
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Why are IO catheters avoided in proximal bones?
pneumatic communication with air sacs
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What are ball bandages used for?
to protect the plantar surface of the foot
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What type of bandage is used to immobilize the wing distal to and including the radius and ulna? This can also be used for humeral fracteres if it is wrapped around the body.
figure 8 bandage
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Birds may be sensitive to what kind of medication?
topicals
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Are E-collars normally used on birds?
no
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Euthanasia procedure:
- mask with isoflurane
- administer euthanasia solution IV or IO
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