The Primum ASD is at the level of ___________________ and is usually associated with ___________________ ___________________ _________________ _________________.
AV valves
partial endocardial cushion defect
The secundum ASD is situated ______________________ of the septum and can be associated with __________________.
central
MVP (cleft MV)
The Sinus Venosus ASD is at the entrance of the ____________ & _____________ & is associated with _______________ ________________ of the ________________ ________________.
IVC SVC
anomalous drainage
pulmonary veins
The patient who presents with an ASD will have symptoms such as: (5-6)
Complete = both atrial and septal defective and have a COMMON AV VALVE
2D of cleft MV and consequences?
noncoapt AMVL
ASD primum
MR ALWAYS!!!!!
What is a hypoplastic Lt Ventricle?
2D?
LV doesn't develop d/t Mitral & AO atresia
Bar of tissue in mitral position
Thin slit-like LV
Thread-like AO
What is the difference between congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries vs. transposition of great arteries?
Cong corrected (adult) = inverted ventricle & transposition GA. AO anterior with normal flow pattern
TGV --> PA with LV & AO with RV
Why do we use Qp/Qs ratio for shunts?
Indicates the magnitude of shunt
1.5:1.0 indicates a significant shunt
Qp = SV of Qp site = (csa)(fvi)
Qs = SV of Qs site = (csa)(fvi)
Define: Supracristal
lies immediately above the Pulmonary valve
Define: Infracristal
inferior and posterior to crista supraventricularis and are divided into mmb, muscular and defects that are part of endocardial cushion formation
Tetralogy of Fallot is a _____________________
malalignment
PA systolic pressure = ?
RVSP
VSD is seen in __________________ only. Why?
systole
High Lt sided pressure
Why is ASD flow lower than VSD flow?
Pressure gradients
When calculating:
Systolic BP - 4V2 what velocity do you use?
velocity of vsd jet
Apical shadowing occurs in a contrast study when the volume (rate of contrast) injection is too (low / high)?
high
Swirling of ventricular contrast is seen when volume of injection rate is too (high / low)?
too low
Detection of intracardiac shunts, enhancement of doppler signals, LV opacification, and myocardial perfusion are 4 indications to perform _____________________ ____________________.