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What is meant by a homologous series?
A homologous series is a series of molecules that have a general formula
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What is the functional group for alcohols?
Alcohols contain the functional group: -O-H
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What are the structural formulas for methanol, ethanol, propanol?
- Methanol = CH3OH
- Ethanol = CH3CH2OH
- Propanol = CH3CH2CH2OH
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What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acids have the functional group of: -COOH
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What are the structural formulas for Methanoic acid Ethanoic acid and Propanoic acid?
- Methanoic acid = HCOOH
- Ethanoic acid = CH3COOH
- Propanoic acid = CH3CH2COOH
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What is the functional group for esters?
Esters have a fictional group of: -COO-
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What is the structural formula for ethyl ethanoate?
The structural formula for ethyl ethanoate is: CH3COOCH2CH3
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What are the properties of alcohols?
- Methanol, ethanol, propanol:
- Dissolve in water to form neutral solutions
- React with sodium to produce hydrogen
- Burn in air
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What can methanol, ethanol, propanol be used as?
- Fuel
- Solvents in perfumes
- Ethanol is the main alcohol in alcoholic drinks
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How is ethanol oxidised?
- Ethanol can be oxidised by chemical agents such as potassium dichromate to produce Ethanoic acid
- Or
- Using microbes in the air by exposing ethanol to the air
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What is Ethanoic acid used for?
Ethanoic acid is the main acid in vinegar
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What are the properties of carboxylic acids?
- Carboxylic acids:
- Dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions
- react with Carbonates to produce carbon dioxide
- reacts with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce Esters
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What are esters?
Esters are volatile compounds and have distinctive smell
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What can esters be used for?
Some esters have pleasant fruity smells and are used as flavourings in perfumes
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How is ethyl ethanoate produced?
Ethanol and Ethanoic acid react together using sulphuric if acid as a catalyst to produce ethyl ethanoate and water
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Why are carboxylic acids weak acids?
- Carboxylic acids are weak acids as they do not ionise completely when dissolved in water
- this is because weak acids have a higher pH you react more slowly than strong acids in aqueous solutions of equal concentration
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