B) are involved in the emotional aspects of perception
The superchiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________.
C) hypothalamus
Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the ________.
C) pons
The arbor vitae refers to ________.
D) cerebellar white matter
The brain stem consists of the ________.
A) midbrain, medulla, and pons
The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.
B) temporal lobe
Spinocerebellar tracts ________.
D) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
The spinal cord has gray matter on the ________.
C) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root
The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?
D) arachnoid and pia
The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.
D) medulla
Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.
A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the ________.
A) longitudinal fissure
The limbic association area of the multimodal association areas provides our ________.
D) emotional impact
A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.
A) sulcus
The cerebrospinal fluid ________.
B) is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly ________.
B) the spinal cord may be affected
The central sulcus separates which lobes?
B) frontal from parietal
Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________.
A) lateral spinothalamic
Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?
A) fiber tracts
The hypothalamus ________.
C) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature
The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.
C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
A lateral tract in the spinal cord would be ________.
B) rubrospinal
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.
D) paraplegia
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.
B) upper motor neurons
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.
D) gyri
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.
A) lateral sulcus
Brodmannʹs numbering refers to ________.
A) structurally distinct cortical areas
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.
A) pyramidal and corticospinal
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________.
B) visual association area
Brocaʹs area ________.
A) is considered a motor speech area
The function of commissures is to connect ________.
D) corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.
A) metabolic waste such as urea
Which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei?
D) substantia nigra
All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________.
C) caudate nucleus
Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?
D) third ventricle
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________.
D) consolidation
An electroencephalogram ________.
C) indicates a normal frequency range of 1-30 Hz
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.
B) reticular formation
Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?
D) red blood cells
REM sleep is associated with ________.
A) temporary skeletal muscle paralysis, except for the extrinsic eye muscles
Mr. Hom was injured in an accident that completely severed his spinal cord at the level of T12. You would expect to find all of the following except ________.
A) slurred speech
Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________.
B) loss of proprioception
White matter of the spinal cord ________.
D) contains the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
Which statement about aging is most accurate?
B) Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life.
Which association is most accurate?
A) motor-anterior
Brain wave amplitude ________.
C) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously
Declarative memory is not stored in the ________.
D) mammillary body
Huntingtonʹs disease ________.
D) has symptoms that are the opposite of Parkinsonʹs disease
The corpus striatum plays a special role in ________.
C) skill learning
Storing information in long-term memory ________.
A) is facilitated by the release of norepinephrine
Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________.
C) vestibular nuclei
Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?
B) medulla
The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.
A) visceral sensory area
Which statement about coma is true?
D) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.
Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________.
C) Parkinsonʹs disease
Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?
C) concussion
Declarative memory ________.
B) is the ability to learn specific information
Which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?
A) red nuclei
Which statement is not true?
D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?
D) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.
White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations, with the exception of the ________.
A) cerebral cortex
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________.
B) thalamus
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.
D) premotor cortex
________ waves are not normal for adults but are common for children.
B) Theta
The fourth ventricle is continuous with the ________ of the spinal cord.
central canal
The large tract that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.
corpus callosum
The ________ is a conduction pathway between higher and lower brain centers and houses nuclei for cranial nerves V-VII.
pons
The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to the ________.
pituitary gland
The ________ are valvelike and protrude externally through the dura mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood.
arachnoid villi
Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via the ________ horn.
dorsal
________ memory requires practice, and is remembered by doing.
Skill
The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
diencephalon
The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________.
pyramids
The largest nuclear mass in the midbrain is the ________.
substantia nigra
In stage 3 sleep, ________ and ________ waves appear.
theta; delta
The ________ is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are damaged, the past is lost.
amygdala
________ rhythm is a 24-hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness.
Circadian
________ is a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep found most commonly in the elderly.
Sleep apnea
NREM sleep normally exhibits four distinct stages, which appear to alternate. True or False
True
Petit mal seizures found in children generally go away with age. True or False
True
NREM sleep episodes are frequently associated with erection of the penis. True or False
False
A flat EEG is a good indication of deep sleep. True or False
False
Theta waves are a brain wave pattern that can be seen during deep sleep and during anesthesia. True or False
False
One disorder of the substantia nigra is Parkinsonʹs disease. True or False
True
Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. True or False
True
Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons. True or False
False
The spinal cord ends at the level of L1. True or False
True
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space outside the brain. True or False
True
The terms fainting and syncope describe the same thing. True or False
True
The RAS is comprised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system. True or False
False
Nondeclarative memories preserve the context in which they are learned. True or False
False
The first obvious sign that the nervous system is forming in the embryo is the thickening of the surface ectoderm to form the neural plate. True or False
True
The left cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant. True or False
True
The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective, brain. True or False
True
The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the foramen of Monro. True or False
False
Commissural fibers form the corpus striatum. True or False
False
A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei. True or False
True
Projection fibers in the brain connect the right and left hemispheres. True or False
False
Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over from one side of the body to the other. True or False
True
The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space. True or False
True
One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing. True or False
True
Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus. True or False
False
Sensory areas of the cortex for the genitals are located deep in the postcentral gyrus. True or False
True
Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper formation of the midbrain. True or False