Politics Key Terms (*)

• •rests primarily on presidents constitutional authority as commander in chief
• •cover issues such as trade, war reparations, nuclear energy
• •published in Treaties and Other International Agreements
• •not binding on subsequent administrations

head of party with 2nd highest number of elected presidents in House or Senate

official chair of Senate; usually most senior member of majority party

"friend of court", may list briefs or appear to argue their interests orally before court

petitions from parties seeking review of their cases (2/3rds of the cases). Rigorous filing requirements

–Mainly responsible for counting heads and rounding-up party members for votes

• -Coordinate party strategy and try to keep their parties united
• -Leadership positions have few specific powers, so positions require skill, intelligence, personality, and ability to compromise

• •Primary job: to assume office if the president dies or is incapacitated
• •Only formal duty is to preside over the Senate or to break tie votes in the Senate

• –geographical balance
• –to bring party back together at convention
• –VPs can also be used to overcome candidate shortcomings

• •very important inner circle of advisors to president; staffed by people responsible to president alone
• •helps the president

Writ must be filed 90 days from final judgment or denial of hearing by lower court. No rigorous filing requirements

• "Let the decision stand"
• -policy of courts to abide by or adhere to principles established by decisions in earlier cases

• -people most directly responsible to the president
• -(chief) facilitates smooth running of staff and executive branch of government, protects president from mistakes, implements policies that help obtain maximum political advantage

• –Only House officer mentioned in Constitution
• –Elected at beginning of each new session of Congress by entire House
• –Member of majority party

SC ruled that states can't impose qualifications for members of Congress stricter than those specified in Constitution

• powers of the central government
• •lay and collect taxes, duties, and imposts
• •provide for defense & general welfare
• •regulate commerce with foreign nations
• •declare war

The central government may make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the enumerated powers

powers not delegated by Constitution, are reserved to States or to people.

• Article I, section 9 lays out powers denied to central government:
• -Favor one state over another
• -Impose taxes from any state
• -Grant titles of nobility
• -Government officials cannot accept presents

• Upheld power of national government to establish a bank and denied the right of state to tax national bank
• -first major decision by Supreme Court under Chief Marshall
• -define relationship between states and national government

Upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce

Supreme Court decision, upholding state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under doctrine of "separate but equal"

• *Article IV, Section I
• addresses duties that states within the US have to respect "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."

• Imposes a number of restrictions on federal government with respect to rights of persons suspected of committing a crime
• (Amendment 5)

Court ruled that a lawyer was necessity in criminal court. State must provide a lawyer to poor defendants in felony cases

Judicially created rule that prohibits police from using illegally seized evidence at trial

party organizations that recruited members by offering incentives such as jobs, money, favors

Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually select a president

If no candidate wins in these primaries, a second primary election is held between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary

allow citizens to remove someone from office

list of actions which political party supports to appeal to general public for purpose of having said peoples' candidates voted into political office or complicated topics or issues

any one of multiple stated principles or objectives comprising political platform of party campaigning for election