-
Ig that crosses placenta
IgG
-
Effects of bradykinin
- Vasodilation
- Increased permeability
- Increased pain
-
XIIa is the beginning of the intrinsic coag pathway. It also activates:
- Kallikrein, which causes formation of:
- bradykinin
- plasmin
-
Antithrombin inhibits
Thrombin (II), IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa
-
Acanthocyte (spur cell) seen in
- Liver disease
- abetalipoproteinemia
-
Basophilic stippling of RBCs is seen in
- Lead poisoning
- thalassemias
- ACD
- Iron def
-
Bite cell is seen in
G6PD deficiency
-
Target cells are seen in
- HbC disease
- asplenia
- liver disease
- thalassemia
-
Heinz bodies are composed of ___ and lead to ___
- Denatured hemoglobin due to oxidized (ferric) iron
- Bite cells
-
Heinz bodies are seen in
- alpha-thal
- G6PD deficiency
-
Howell-Jolly bodies are ___ and are seen in ___
- Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
- asplenia
-
Sideroblastic anemia indicates
Defect in heme synthesis
-
Hereditary sideroblastic anemia
- X-linked defect in delta-ALA synthase
- Tx with B6
-
Reversible etiologies of sideroblastic anemia
-
Hepcidin: what disease and why is it important?
- ACD
- increases with inflammation and causes a decrease release of iron from macrophages
-
G6PD deficiency causes a decrease in
glutathione
-
HbC defect
Beta chain mutation but milder than sickle cell
-
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria pathogenesis
- Intravascular hemolysis due to complement-mediated lysis
- Impaired synthesis of GPI anchor/decay accelerating factor in RBC membrane
- Increase in urine hemosiderin
-
Warm agglutinin: Ig and associations
-
Cold agglutinin: Ig and associations
- IgM
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae or mono
-
-
Ferritin is low in
Iron def
-
Transferrin or TIBC high in
-
Transferrin or TIBC low in
-
Lead poisoning affected enzymes
- Ferrochelatase
- ALA dehydratase
-
Lead poisoning accumulated substrate
Protoporphyrin in the blood
-
Acute intermittent porphyria affected enzyme
- Porphobilinogen deaminase
- AKA uroporphyrinogen-I-synthase
-
Acute intermittent porphyria accumulated substrate
- Porphobilinogen
- delta-ALA
- uroporphyrin (urine)
-
Porphyria cutanea tarda affected enzyme
Urophorphyrinogen decarboxylase
-
Porphyria cutanea tarda accumulated substrate
Uroporphyrin (tea-colored urine immediately)
-
Rate-limiting heme synth step: enzyme, cofactor, an deficiency
- delta-ALA synthase
- needs B6
- dysfunction gives you X-linked sideroblastic anemia
-
Lead poisoning treatment
- Dimercaprol and EDTA
- Succimer for kids
-
Bernard-Soulier disease
Decreased Gp1b means less platelet-collagen (vWF) adhesion
-
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
Less GpIIb/IIIa means defect in platelet-platelet aggregation
-
The antibody in ITP
anti-GpIIb/IIIa
-
Deficiency in TTP
- Def of ADAMTS 13 decreases vWF degredation
- Too much vWF increases platelet agg and thrombosis
-
TTP labs and symptoms
- schistocytes and high LDH
- Neuro, renal, fever, hemolytic anemia
-
von Willebrand's disease
less vWF means defective VIII protection and defective platelet-collagen adhesion
-
Factor V Leiden
Mutant factor V can't be degraded by protein C
-
Prothrombin gene mutation: where and what?
-
Protein C or S deficiency
Less inactivation of V and VIII means clotting
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