Words to know for the Science Final Exam

Animal that eats only plants or parts of plants; mammals with large premolars and molars for eating only plants.

Animal that eats only other animals or the remains of other animals; mammals having large, sharp canine teeth and strong jaw muscles for eating flesh.

Animal that eats plants and animals or animal flesh; mammals with incisors, canine teeth, and flat molars for eating plants and other.

Animal that produces both sperm and eggs in the same body.

Animal with a backbone.

Animal without a backbone.

Pigment produced by the epidermis, that protects skin from sun damage and gives skin and eyes color.

Any place where 2 or more bones come together (can be moveable or immovable).

Tough band of tissue that hold bones together at joints.

Skin layer below the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, oil, sweat glands, and other structures.

thick band of tissue that attaches bones to muscles.

Outer, thinnest layer of skin that constantly produces new cells to replace the dead cells rubbed off its surface.

Tough flexible tissue that joins vertebrae and makes up all or part of the vertebrate endoskeleton; in humans, thick, smooth, flexible, and slippery tissue layer that covers the ends of bones, makes movement easier by reducing friction, and absorbs shocks.

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small molecules that cells can absorb and use.

A type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells; a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without being changed or used up itself.

Waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Liquid product of digestion.

Finger-like projections covering the wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area for food absorption.

Blood vessels that carries blood back to the heart, and has one-way valves that keep blood moving toward the heart.

Blood vessels that carries blood away from the heart, and has thick, elastic walls made of connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue.

Liquid part of blood, made mostly of water, in which oxygen, nutrients, and minerals are dissolved.

A type of white blood cell that fights infection.

Two upper chambers of the heart that contract at the same time during the heart beat.

Two lower chambers of the heart, that contract at the same time, during heartbeat.

Airway in which the vocal chords are attached.

Bean-shaped urinary system organ that is made up of about 1 million nephrons and filters blood, producing urine. 

Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Lung disease in which the alveoli enlarge.

Lung disorder in which the bronchial tubes contract quickly and cause shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing; may occur as an allergic reaction.

Muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and relaxes to move gases in and out of the body.

Two short tubes that branch off the lower end of the trachea and carry air into the lungs.

Air-conducting tube that connects the larynx with the bronchi; is lined with

Male reproductive cells.

Female reproductive cells.

In female humans, hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ where a fertilized egg develops into a baby.

Period of development-usually about 38 or 39 weeks in female humans-from fertilized egg until birth.

Male reproductive organ.

Muscular tube that connects the lower end of a female's uterus to the outside of the body; the birth canal through which a baby travels when being born.

Organisms that do not make own food.

Organisms that do make their own food.

Any close relationship between species, including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

A type of symbolic  relationship in which both organisms benefit.

A type of symbolic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected.

A type of symbolic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.

Model that shows the complex feeding relationships among organisms in a community.

Large geographic  areas with similar climates and ecosystems; includes tundra, taiga, desert, temperate deciduous forest, temperate rain forest, tropical rain forest, and grassland.