Chapter 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues (Mastering A&P)

Choose the FALSE statement.

A. Long bones include all limb bones except the patella.
B. Irregular bones include the vertebrae and hip bones. 
C. The sternum is an example of a flat bone.
D.  Sesamoid bones form within certain tendons.

Which of the following is stored in bones?

A. vitamin C
B. phosphate
C. calcitonin
D. glycogen
E. iodine

Which description of bone cells is INCORRECT?

A. Osteoblasts secrete collagen and calcium-binding proteins.
B. Osteoclasts secrete digestive enzymes and hydrogen ions.
C. Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts.
D. Bone lining cells on the internal surfaces of bone are also called endosteal cells.

The notable hardness of bone is attributed to ________.

A. the presence of proteoglycans
B. the presence of collagen fibers
C. the presence of glycoproteins
D. the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites
E. the presence of cartilage

The illustrated bone-forming process would be associated with which of the following bones?



A. parietal
B. femur
C. vertebrae
D. All of the listed responses are correct.
E. humerus

What indicates that a long bone has reached its adult length?

A. closure of the epiphyseal plate
B. the presence of hyaline cartilage on the ends of the bone
C. the presence of osteons
D. the presence of osteoblasts

The structure indicated by the arrow is composed primarily of what material?



A. compact bone
B. fibrocartilage
C. hyaline cartilage
D. dense connective tissue

The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is ________.

A. hematoma formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling, and fibrocartilaginous callus formation
B. bony callus formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, and bone remodeling
C. hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling
D. bone remodeling, hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, and bony callus formation

Choose the CORRECT pairing.

A. osteoporosis: increased bone density
B. rickets: deficiency of vitamin A
C. osteomalacia: excessive mineralization of the bone
D. paget's disease: excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption

Hypercalcemia can be caused by_________.

A. insufficient vitamin D levels in the body
B. hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone
C. All of the listed responses are correct.
D. reduced parafollicular cell activity

Hyaline cartilage ________.

A. is found on the ends of bones that form movable joints
B. gives shape to the external ear
C. is the rarest of the skeletal cartilages
D. forms "shock-absorbing" pads between the vertebrae

Which type of cartilage covers and protects the ends of bones at freely moveable joints?

A. fibrocartilage
B. hyaline cartilage
C. elastic cartilage
D. both hyaline and elastic cartilage

The axial skeleton includes the ________.

A. bones of the arms
B. ribs
C. bones of the legs
D. hip bones

The main role of the appendicular skeleton is to protect and support vital organs. True or False
True False

Bones do NOT have a role in ________.

A. support
B. blood cell formation
C. fat storage
D. glycogen production
E. movement

Dense connective tissue forms part of which labeled part of the adult long bone in the figure?



A. C
B. D
C. A
D. B
E. E

Which of the labeled parts of the bone is composed primarily of hyaline cartilage?



A. C
B. B
C. E
D. D
E. A
 

Which of the labeled parts of the bone is composed primarily of compact bone?



A. C
B. A
C. D
D. B
E. E

Which of the following is the major component of the part of the bone labeled E?



A. hyaline cartilage
B. dense connective tissue
C. adipose tissue
D. osseous tissue

In which of the labeled parts of the adult long bone would hematopoietic tissue be located?



A. D
B. A
C. B
D. C
E. E

The structures in the figure collectively form a structural unit termed a(n) ______.



A. trebeculae
B. osteon
C. diploe
D. Haversian canal

The indicated osteocyte is located within layers of bony matrix termed ______.



A. caniculi
B. periosteum
C. lacuna
D. lamellae

The indicated blood vessels and nerve are found within a ______.



A. Perforating (Volkmann's) canal
B. marrow cavity
C. Central (Haversian) canal
D. caniculus

Osteocytes are connected to each other through which structure?



A. caniculi
B. Volksmann's canal
C. Haversian canal
D. lacuna

What bone-associated structure in panel C is indicated by the arrow?



A. epiphyseal plate
B. trabeculae
C. osteon
D. periosteum

In adults, yellow marrow is located ________.

A. in the epiphyseal plates of long bones
B. primarily in flat bones
C. in the central canals of osteons
D. in the medullary cavity of long bones

The osteon is ________.

A. the structural unit of compact bone
B. a fibrous membrane that covers and protects bone
C. a network of red marrow
D. the structural unit of spongy bone

The epiphyseal plate is ________.

A. the site of red bone marrow production
B. where yellow bone marrow is produced
C. the long axis of a bone
D. where long bone lengthening occurs

What is osteoid?

A. the outer surface of bone
B. the inorganic part of the matrix of bone
C. one of the cell types found in bone
D. the organic part of the matrix of bone

Which bone cells form bone?

A. osteoblasts
B. chondroblasts
C. osteoclasts
D. osteocytes

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

A. canaliculus
B. osteon
C. osteoid
D. haversian canal

During bone growth, which event is most significant at the surface indicated by the letter A?



A. conversion of bone into cartilage
B. conversion of cartilage into bone
C. expansion of articular cartilage
D. expansion of the cartilage matrix
 

During bone growth, which event is most significant at the surface indicated by the letter B?



A. conversion of bone into cartilage
B. formation of compact bone.
C. cell division of chondrocytes
D. calcification of the cartilage matrix
 

During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter C?



A. conversion of spongy bone to compact bone
B. expansion of the articular cartilage
C. appositional growth
D. bone resorption

During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter D?



A. interstitial growth
B. production of compact bone
C. production of hyaline cartilage
D. bone resorption

What is endochondral ossification?

A. the formation of bone from pre-existing hyaline cartilage models
B. the formation of bone from fibrous membranes
C. the formation of bone from pre-existing fibrocartilage models
D. the formation of bone from pre-existing elastic cartilage models

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling?

A. parathyroid hormone
B. mechanical stress
C. glucagon
D. low blood Ca2+ concentration

Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?

A. calcitonin
B. calcitriol
C. thyroid hormones
D. parathyroid hormone (PTH)

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?

A. calcitriol
B. vitamin D
C. thyroid hormones
D. calcitonin

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)

A. increase osteoblasts on bone
B. increase osteoclasts
C. increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?

A. parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B. calcitriol
C. calcitonin