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Defamation expressed by print, writing, signs, or pictures
libel
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The failure to exercise reasonable care demanded by the particular circumstances existing at the time of the act
negligence
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An unpermitted, unprivileged, intentional contact with another's person
battery
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Imputed negligence arising by reason of some relationship existing between two parties
vicarious liability
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Any unauthorized act that deprives an owner of the possession of tangible personal property
conversion
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Exists when the plaintiff expressly or impliedly consents to relieve the defendant of liability
assumption of risk
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Defamation expressed by spoken words in the presence of someone other than the party defamed
slander
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An act-other than the utterance of words that puts another in apprehension of immediate and harmful contact
assault
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A reasonable connection between the negligentact of the defendant and the damage suffered by the plaintiff
proximate cause
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Imposes legal responsibilities for injuries caused by certain dangerous instrumentalities without proof of lack of due care
strict liability
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Ownership rights in property
title
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An action to have personal property returned to property its original possessor
replevin
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The right of government to take private property for a public purpose
eminent domain
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Exists when the use of land poses a generalized threat to the public
public nuisance
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Maximum ownership rights to land permissible by law
fee simple
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A tort that requires proof of injury distinct from that suffered by the general public
private nuisance
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Movable physical objects, intangible rights arising out of ownership of such objects, and intangible property
personal property
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The person to whom personal property is delivered without title being conveyed
bailee
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Immovable property
real property
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The transfer of possession of personal property on a nonpermanent basis
bailment
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A right, given by the government, to make, use, and sell an invention
patent
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The requirement of federal and state judicial systems that litigants participate in trial alternatives
court-annexed ADR
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A nonbinding technique conducted by a neutral party to help settle a case prior to trial
mediation
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The presentation of issues before a panel, generally used to resolve business disputes
minitrial
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Guarantees the right to a jury trial
Seventh Amendment
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An abbreviated trial employing an advisoryjury, resulting in a nonbinding verdict
summary jury trial
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A pretrial meeting with a judge to help resolvea dispute
settlement conference
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A traditional jury trial
de novo
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A trial conducted solely before a judge
bench trial
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A decision rendered by an arbitrator that becomes a final judgment unless challenged
arbitration award
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An alternative dispute resolution technique conducted outside the judicial arena, involving the employment of judges and Jurors
private trial
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