Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation (Mastering A&P)

What does the principle of complementarity of structure and function mean?

A. The age of the structure determines the function it performs.
B. All structures perform the same functions.
C. Functions are determined by environmental conditions, not by structure.
D. Function reflects structure and structure determines function.

Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells/organs to regulate their activities?

A. nervous and endocrine systems
B. cardiovascular and digestive systems
C. nervous and cardiovascular systems
D. cardiovascular and endocrine systems

Which materials are exchanged between blood and cells, as depicted by the set of arrows labeled 5 in the above figure?



A. waste products
B. carbon dioxide
C. all of the listed responses are correct
D. oxygen
E. nutrients

Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?

A. the variable, the receptor, and the set point
B. the receptor, the stimulus, and the effector
C.  the receptor, the control center, and the effector
D. the effector, the stimulus, and the receptor

Which of the following is true of negative feedback mechanisms?

A. They are used for processes such as blood clotting and labor contractions.
B. The effect opposes the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.
C. The variable deviates farther and farther from its normal range.
D. The effect or response enhances the original stimulus.

Which of the following is true of negative feedback mechanisms?



A. lateral
B. coronal
C. sagittal
D. transverse

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The chin is caudal to the umbilicus.
B. The umbilicus is medial to the chin.
C. The umbilicus is superior to the chin.
D. The umbilicus is caudal to the chin.

Which of the following can be described as a cut made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes?

A. oblique section
B.  transverse section
C. sagittal section
D. cross section

What is the function of serous fluid?

A. It enables organs, such as the heart and the stomach, to slide across cavity walls and each other without friction.
B.  It prevents the organs from drying out when in contact with air.
C. It helps the stomach and other organs maintain neutral buoyancy within body cavities, even during fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, or when gases, such as oxygen or methane, are present in varying ratios.
D. It aids in the repair of damaged organs.

Which of the following is NOT one of the subdivisions of anatomy?

A. gross anatomy
B. developmental anatomy
C. renal anatomy
D. systemic anatomy

Which of the following best defines anatomy?

A.  It is the study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
B. It is the study of tissues.
C. It is the study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.
D. It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

What level of structural organization is represented by the image numbered 5 in the figure?



A. organ
B. tissue
C. cell
D. organelle

The knee is proximal to the thigh. True or False
True False

The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts. True or False
True False

The hand is ________ to the shoulder.

A. distal
B. medial
C.  superior
D. proximal

Which specific body cavity houses the heart and lungs?

A. abdomino
B. thoracic
C. cardialdorsal
D. pelvicperi

What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs?

A. to serve as extra tissue for blood flow to the organ
B.  to provide passage of nutrients for the organ tissues
C. to provide a protective outer covering for the organ
D. to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall

Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin relative to the skeletal muscles?

A. medial
B. deep
C. lateral
D. superficial