Biology CH 35

The peripheral nervous system does NOT include
A. the spinal cord
B. motor nerves
C. sensory nerves
D. ganglia

Sense organs are part of the
A. parasympathetic nervous system
B. central nervous system
C. autonomic nervous system
D. peripheral nervous system

Opiates block sensations of pain because their chemical structure
A. blocks the progress of action potentials
B. enables them to bind to pain receptors
C. is similar to natural pain-killing chemicals in the brain
D. enables them to bind to neurotransmitters

Stimulants such as tobacco and cocaine are addictive partly because they
A. interfere with normal sleep patterns
B. block the effects of neurotransmitters
C. cause neurotransmitters to be used up
D. increase heart rate and blood pressure

All the human organ systems work together to
A. maintain homeostasis
B. coordinate muscle movement
C. provide sensory information
D. process sensory information

The motor division of the peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system with the
A. muscles and sense organs
B. muscles and glands
C. spinal cord and muscles
D. glands and sense organs

A person with a severely damaged cerebellum suffers from
A. a lack of coordination
B. high blood pressure
C. an inability to learn
D. a low heart rate

The impulse that travels along the nerve membrane is a(an)
A. chemical current
B. action potential
C. resting potential
D. electrical current

Alcohol is an example of a(an)
A. neurotransmitter
B. opiate
C. stimulant
D. depressant

The movement of a nerve impulse along the length of a neuron is due to movement of
A. neurotransmitters through the cell membrane
B. sodium and potassium ions along the cell membrane
C. sodium and potassium ions through the cell membrane
D. neurotransmitters along the cell membrane

The type of tissue that covers the body, lines internal surfaces, and forms glands is
A. muscle tissue
B. connective tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. epithelial tissue

The process of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment is called
A. homeostasis
B. synapse
C. stimulation
D. regulation

The basic units of structure and function of the nervous system are
A. axons
B. neurotransmitters
C. dendrites
D. neurons

The place where a neuron transfers an impulse to another cell is the
A. synapse
B. myelin sheath
C. dendrite
D. receptor

The central nervous system consists of the
A. reflexes
B. sensory and motor neurons
C. brain and spinal cord
D. sense organs

Voluntary or conscious activities of the body are controlled by the
A. cerebrum
B. medulla oblongata
C. cerebellum
D. brain stem

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. autonomic nervous system
D. somatic nervous system

The semicircular canals and the two tiny sacs located behind them help maintain
A. respiratory rate
B. night vision
C. temperature
D. equilibrium

Drugs that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate are:
A. barbuturates
B. opiates
C. depressants
D. stimulants

name #1

name #2 (fatty material that surrounds some axons)

name #3 (takes information away from cell body)

name #4 (gaps in the myelin sheath)

name #5

name #6 (takes information to the cell body)

name #7

name the organization of the body from smallest to largest

epithelial tissue

glands and tissue that cover interior and exterior body surfaces

neurons

cells that transmit impulses in the nervous system

synapse

the location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell

neurotransmitters

chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell

cerebrum

the largest and most prominent region of the brain

cerebrum (function)

part of the brain responsible for the voluntary, or conscious activities of the body

cerebellum (location)

second largest region of the brain located at teh back of the skull

cerebellum (function)

coordinates and balances the actions of the muscles so that the body can move gracefully and efficiently

brain stem (function)

controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing and swallowing

hypothalamus

the control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body temperature

sensory division of peripheral nervous system

transmits impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system

motor division of peripheral nervous system

transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands

somatic nervous system

regulates activities that are under conscious control, such as the movement of the skeletal muscles

autonomic nervous system

system that regulates activities that are automatic, or involuntary

pupil

opening where light comes into the eye. Can be adjusted by the iris

lens

small muscles attach to this, changing its shape to help someone see near or far

retina

on the back of the eye where photoreceptors are located

rods and cones

rods and cones

rods

extremely sensitive to light, but do not distinguish different colors

cones

less sensitive to light, but respond to light of different colors

cochlea

vibrations of the oval window create pressure waves in this fluid filled structure of the inner ear

semicircular canals

3 tiny canals at right angles to each other that monitor the position of your body

taste buds

sense organs that detect taste

stimulants

drugs that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

depressants

drugs that slow down heart rate and breathing rate, lower blood pressure, relax muscles, and relieve tension

cocaine

drug that causes the sudden release in the brain of a neurotransmitter called dopamine

opiates

drugs that mimic natural chemicals in the brain, known as endorphins, which normally help to overcome sensations of pain

alcohol

a depressant that slows down the rate at which the central nervous system functions

addiction

an uncontrollable dependence on a drug