Science Quizlet

The length of time it takes the Earth to revolve once around the sun. 365 days

Theforce of attraction between any two objects due to their mass. If gravity didnot exist, Earth would not revolve around the sun.

Whenthe Moon passes directly between Earth and the Sun.

NewMoon, Waxing Crescent, 1st Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous,Last Quarter, Waning Crescent

Thefirst planet, which has the least amount of mass, in our solar system.

Beyondthe astroid belt - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune - large and made of gas

Thelargest moon in our solar system.

Themoon is hidden by Earth's shadow.

First four planets in our solar system - Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars - rocky and located before the astroid belt.

asingle complete turn of Earth on its axis - 24 hours.

Blue-green in color due to the presence of methane in its atmosphere - 7th planet in our solar system.

Secondplanet in the solar system - has the highest surface temperature.

Anobject that orbits a star and does not produce its own light.

Rockyobjects orbiting the Sun.

Naturalor artificial objects that circle around objects in space.

Ahuge cloud of gases and dust that eventually becomes a star.

Away of writing the distance of stars because they are so far from Earth becomesawkward.

A unit of measure that equals the distance light travels through space in one year; a way to measure extremely vast distances; it equals 9.46 trillion kilometers, or 9.46 x 1012 km.

TheNorth Star

Jupiter'slarge storm.

Hydrogenatoms combine to form helium atoms in a star.

Anelement found in a star. When this element is gone, a star begins to cool andshrink.

Fourthplanet in the solar system. First planet explored by a space probe.

A huge collection of stars.

Anobject whose gravity is so strong that light cannot escape it.

Amixture of ice, frozen gases, rock, and dust left over from the formation ofthe solar system.

Any of the patterns formed by groups of stars in the night sky.

Acollection of billions of stars

The tendency of a moving object to keep moving in a straight line or of any object to resist a change in motion.

A chunk of rock from space that travels through Earth's atmosphere.

Anatural object that orbits the planets.

Thepath one object travels around another object.

Theappearance of the shape of the moon at a particular time.

Alarge object that orbits a star and does not produce its own light.

Anobject in space that produces its own energy, including heat and light.

Astar that has produced more energy than gravity can hold together and explodes.

Aninstrument that makes distant objects appear closer and larger.

Theregular rise and fall of the water level along a shoreline.

Astar that can no longer turn helium into carbon; it cools and shrinks, becomingvery small and dense.

Distance and Mass

The distance from the sun to Earth (about 93,000,000 miles)

.4 AU

.7 AU

1AU

• Law of Orbits
• Law of Areas
• Law of Periods

All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the sun at one focus.

A line that connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.

The square of the period of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit.