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German opposition to WWI settlement and "stab in the back" legend
- Government wasn't good during war
- legend: treaty signed on purpose to be bad for Germany
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WWI Reparations
- Money for repairs
- Germany wasn't allowed to talk in Paris; just signed
- Germany debt to large; says will not pay
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Hyperinflation and Ruhr Crisis 1923
- Hyperinflation - b/c don't want to pay debt, price increase dramatically
- Ruhr Crisis - region with coal/steel production was occupied by Belgium/France, because of hyperinflation; millions are worth nothing
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Nationalist Socialist Party's Origins
- Adolph Hitler - not founder of Nazi; believed Germans in foreign countries would be exploited
- Beer Hall Putsh - attempted coup 1922, Hitler fails
- Hitler's trial for treason - jailed and becomes famous
- Mein Kempf - rambling book of Hitler
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Fascism
- first used in Italy by Moussolini (wanted new roman empire)
- Def: political philosophy; nation/race above individual
- people owe to the stare
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Some Nazi Beliefs
- Prefer autocracy than democracy
- Blood and soil - connected to past
- Germany emasculated by foreign powers (small army, everyone against Germans)
- Necessary military buildup
- Germans only in Germany
- Anti-communism - no human equality
- Anti-capitalism - no individualism
- Protection of farmers, laborers - no division of land, eldest son gets eveything
- More "living space" - colonies in Europe
- Eugenics - improving hereditary qualities fo race/breed
- Anti-semistism - against all Jews
- Xenophobia - fear/hatred of stranger/foreigners
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Dawes Plan 1924
- Germany owes debt to US
- France agrees not to have allies against Germany
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Locarno Treaties, October 1925
- series of treaties signed to Germany's assure stability
- discourage problems with neighbors
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SA and SS
- SS - primary guard of Hitler
- SA - paramilitaries; helped rise Hitler to Power
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Economic policies
- failed search for autarky
- Hjalmar Schacht - economist who helped implement policies under Hitler
- Schacht fiscal expansionary policies
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Remilitarization
- blank check to air forces
- public announcement of conscription
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Night of the Long Knives June 29, 1934
political murders
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anti-jewish policies
- Nuremberg laws - Jews don't have natural right
- Kristallnacht - attacks against jews owned stores
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