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Mixed radiographic lesions (both radiopague and radiolucent) represent what?
A transition stage in lesion development. (usually becomes more radiopague with time)
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periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
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location of following lesions:
inter-radicular.
(between the roots)
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<.05p =
1 out of every 20
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location of lesion:
- pericoronal
- -wrapped around the crown of impacted tooth
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location of lesion:
- periapical
- -around the apex (roots) of tooth
- -often indicates necrosis of tooth.
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location of lesion:
edentulous
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single comparemented lesions are called?
unilocular
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multicompartmented lesions are called?
multilocular
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multilocular "soap bubble" appearance
tends to be bengin but v. agressive growth.
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this lesions borders are?
- corticated
- -well defined.
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this lesion's diffuse border is called a?
non-corticated border
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this lesion is called? 
- expansile
- -usually benign
- -slow growing lesion
- -cortex able to lay down cortical bone faster than it resorbs
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when lesions perforates the cortical plate..
- Cortical Erosion
- -may indicate malignancy
- -tumor grows so fast the cortex cannot lay bone down fast enough
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singular, well-defined localized lesions are called: 
Focal Opacity
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multiple opacities, appear to overlap
Multifocal Confluent Opacity
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a lesion which is uniform in density (whiteness) throughout is called
homogenious
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ill-defined (diffuse) pattern or density, may represent malignancy. these lesions are called?
irregular opacity
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Granular, frosted-glass-like, no trabeculae. Resembles an "orange peel" 
Ground Glass
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opaque lesion located in soft tissue, not bone, ex: salivary duct stone
Soft Tissue Opacity
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disappears when stretched
 
- Leukoedema
- -developmental
- -increase edema in spinous cells, produces parakeratosis in epithelium
- -diffuse, transparent or opalescent (milk-grey/white)
- -occurs on buccal mucosa (bilateral)
- -asymptomatic; cannot be wiped off with gauze
- -stretching mucosa diminishes white appearance. this is diagnostic
- no TX
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fibrous, not bony 
- Retrocuspid papilla
- -located on gingival margin, lingual of mandibular canines.
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- Benign Migratory Glossitis
- Geographic Tongue
- Erythema Migrans
- -devoid of filiform papillae
- -caused by dekeratinization and desquamation of filiform papillae
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- Ectopic Geographic Tongue
- -may be found on areas other than tongue
- -often buccal & labial mucosa
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- Median Rhomboid Glossitis
- - chronic fungal infection of Candida ablicans
- -red, flat or raised oval lesion.
- -located: midline of dorsum of tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae
- -filiform papillae missing
- -tx: usually none. or antifungal, but only if symptomatic.
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- Hairy Tongue
- -cause: unknown, lack of normal desquamation of filiform papillae
- - commonly associated with heavy smokers and poor oral hygiene.
- -possible predisposing factors: long-term antibiotic therapy, long-term corticosteroid therapy, head and neck radiation therapy, chemical mouthrinses (hydrogen peroxide on daily basis), overgrowth of Candida albicans infection.
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Why is black hairy tongue, black?
- due to the presence of Chromogenic Bacteria.
- Do not brush with toothpaste, just water.
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what's the error here?
Reversed film
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what's the radiographic error here?
 
film bending
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what's the error here?
pt movement.
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Elongation =
NOT ENOUGH VERTICAL ANGULATION.
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More angulation of the film equates to?
the more angulation takes place, the shorter the teeth will appear
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exposure error here is?
thyroid collar too high up
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exposure error here?
Finger in path of x-ray beam. (Phalangioma)
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exposure error here?
light leak, lightening of film
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processing error: Light Film, may be due to...?
- Solutions too cool
- Short development time
- Under-replenishment
- Contaminated developer
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processing error: Dark film, may be due to...?
- Solution too warm
- Too much time in developer
- Light leaks; incorrect filteres
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Which solution is cut-off?
developer cutoff.
(developer causes things to become darker.)
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Which solution is cut off?
Fixer Cutoff
(Fixer neutralizes developer, developer doesn't get neutralized due to low fixer solution, equates to too much development, ergo..dark block)
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what's the processing error seen here?
light leak.
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what is the processing error seen here?
dark spots - developer contamination
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what is the processing error seen here?
white spots- fixer contamintaion or air bubbles.
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processing error seen here?
yellow/brown stain = inadquate wash, depleted fixer
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proc error seen here?.
overlapped film during processing
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processing error seen here?
Torn Emulsion
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error seen here?
43.jpg 
Reticulation - cracked emulsion, due to temperature change.
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air bubbles, are more circular than a fixer splash.
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degree of bone loss chart.
- mild: 20-30%
- moderate: 30-50%
- severe: >50%
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a three-walled defect has how many walls remaining?
three-walls remaining, only one missing.
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occlusal caries are automatically considered...
moderate caries.
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what kind of caries is this?
1 
root caries
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abrasion. very clear path
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cervical burnout, on the fuzzy side.
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error here
turned and too far foreward.
too far foreward = small anterior teeth
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too far back. teeth are fat.
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- a. nasal septum
- b. inferior concha
- c. nasal fossa
- d. anterior nasal spine
- e. incisive foramen
- f. median palatal suture
- g. soft tissue of nose
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the lateral fossa is found..?
anterior to canine
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- a. floor of nasal fossa
- b. maxillary sinus
- c. lateral fossa
- d. nose
a + b = inverted "Y"
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