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BIOL 404-Pulmonary Review 4

  1. Pulmonary mechanics is determined largely by what?
    pulmonary compliance & airway resistance
  2. Compliance is a static or dynamic measurement?
    Static
  3. Airway resistance as we will see has a factor of what?
    Time
  4. Therefore pulmonary resistance is a static or dynamic measurement of lung function?
    Dynamic
  5. Airway Resistance (Raw) is what?
    Raw = Δ pressure/flow
  6. What are the factors of Airway compliance?
    • Air velocity
    • Airway radius
    • Air turbulence
  7. Why does RAW usually ↑ in upper rather lower airways?
    • Combined airways XS area ↑ from trachea to alveoli.
    • Since XS area ↑ as air flows into the lungs, air velocity must ↓.
    • Therefore airway resistance normally ↓ from trachea down to alveolus
  8. Resistance is a problem of what part of the lung?
    Upper airways
  9. Why is resistance a problem of the upper lung and not the lower lung?
    Because cross-sectional area increases from the upper lung to lower lung
  10. What is MMFR?
    • Mid-maximal flow rate
    • = FEF 25%-50%
  11. What is FEV1/FVC in patients with obstructive lung disease?
    Decreased
  12. What is FEV1/FVC in patients with restrictive lung disease?
    • Increased
    • or normal
  13. A↓ in FEV1 & FVC would indicate what?
    Restrictive OR obstructive lung disease
  14. What is the main nerve controlling smooth muscle of the airway?
    Vagus
  15. What are the types of receptors on teh airway smooth muscle
    • B2
    • M3
    • Small amounts of alpha1
  16. Are there sympathetic nerves tha innervate pulmonary smooth muscles?
    No
  17. How do sympathetic nerves effect the smooth muscles of the airway?
    The y innervate PNS and decrease the amount of Ach released causing relaxation
  18. What are the B2 receptors of the airway smooth muscles activated by?
    • Epinephrine
    • Norepinephrine through the circulation
  19. Activated B2 receptors on airway smooth muscles cause what?
    • Fight or flight response
    • Relaxation of airways
  20. How does the PNS innervate the airway smooth muscles?
    Via vagus nerve
  21. What type of neurotransmitter is released by the PNS on the smooth muscle of the airways?
    Ach acts on M3
  22. What is the Non-adrenergic Non-cholinergic (NANC) pathway?
    • Excitatory and inhibitory innervation of the airway smooth muscle
    • Releases Vasoactive intestinal peptide AND Nitric Oxide
  23. What does NANC VIP do?
    Relax smooth muscle
  24. What NO in NANC do?
    Relaxes airway smooth muscle
  25. What does NANC VIP bind to?
    VIP receptor
  26. What does NO in NANC bind to?
    Nothing, diffuses through the membrane
  27. What is the inhibitory action of NANC?
    Afferent neuron that signals the CNS increase PNS tone
  28. What is the end result of NO release in the airways?
    • relaxed smooth muscle of the airways
    • Decreased Ach release
  29. What are the Determinants of RAW (airway resistance)?
    • Velocity
    • Area
    • Turbulence
  30. What innervations control Airway resistance?
    • PSNS
    • NANC
    • SNS
Author
kyleannkelsey
ID
219431
Card Set
BIOL 404-Pulmonary Review 4
Description
BIOL 404-Pulmonary Review 4
Updated

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