BIOL 404-Pulmonary Review

Home

Get App

Take Quiz

Create

Inspiration is what type of process?

Active process
Expiration is what type of process?

Passive process
Muscles of Ventilation are:
- External intercostals
- Internal Intercostals
- Abdominals
- Diaphragm
- Sternocleiomastoids
- Scalenes
When is intrapleural pressure the most negative?

At the end of Inspiration
Can intrapleural pressure ever be positive?
- yes
- During forced expiration (cough)
- (can be 0 or = aveolar pressure if the lungs collapse)
Describe the Pressure cycling of the ventilitory cycle:
When the lungs are at rest what is the interpleural pressure?

At its highest of -3 Hg
What is FRC?
- Functional Residual Capacity
- Lungs and chest held together at rest
When is Intrapleural pressure the highest?

Functional Residual Capacity = normal rest
What is the increased intrapleural pressure at FRC caused by?
- Result of opposing forces of the lung
- Due to elasticity
What is Tidal volume?
- normal volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration w/o extra effort.
- ~ 500 ml/inspiration OR 7 ml/kg BW
What is Residual volume ?
- the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
What is Expiratory reserve volume?
- the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled beyond normal expiration
What is Inspiratory reserve volume?
- The maximal volume that can be inhaled beyond normal inhalation
What is Functional residual capacity?
- the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position
What is Vital capacity?
- The volume equal to TLC − RV
What is Inspiratory capacity?
- The sum of IRV and TV
Name two major pulmonary obstructive diseases:
- Emphysema
- Asthma
What are the changes in lung capacity with Emphysema?
- Chronic ↑FRC & RV
- ↓Vital Capacity & Inspiritory Capacity
What are the changes in lung capacity with Asthma?
- Reversible ↑FRC & RV
- ↓Vital Capacity & Inspiritory Capacity
Name a Restrictive lung disease:

Fibrosis
What are the changes in lung capacity with Fibrosis?

Chronic ↓ in all lung volumes & capacities
What is COPD?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What is the equation for pulmonary compliance?

Volume Δ/ Pressure Δ
What 2 factors determine lung compliance?
- Elastance
- Surface tension
What type of aveoli have greater pressure?

Small
What type of aveoli have less pressure?

Large
What is the law of LaPlace?
- Air flows to larger aveoli first
What is the Definition for resistance?

Reduced airflow during inspiration and expiration.
What is the Measurement for Resistance?
- Oscillometry
- Resistance =Δ P/V
What is FVC?
- Functional Vital Capacity=
- Vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort
What is FEV?

The volume of air exhaled under forced conditions
What is FEV1/FVC?
- Used for diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive lung disease
- proportion of vital capacity that are able to expire in the first second of expiration
List Endogenous Mediators of ventillation?
- Contraction
- Relaxation
What happens as a result of hyperventilation to the oxygen content of the blood?

Rise in O2, though somewhat plateaued
What are the corresponding partial pressures for oxygen within the tissues?
- Pulmonary incoming blood = 40
- Lumen of Alveolus = 100
What are the corresponding partial pressures for Carbon Dioxide within the tissues?
- Peripheral tissues = 46
- Systemic capillary = 40
- Pulmonary Capillary = 45
- Lumen of Alveolus = 40
Name 3 major agents in the blood that affect ventilation:

CO2, H+ & O2
Where are the receptors that sense the blood content of CO2, O2 and H+ located?
- Central
- Peripheral chemoreceptors
Which of receptors that sense the blood content of CO2, H+ & O2 are normally dominant?

Central receptors
What are the two major things that the lungs provide?
- Increased surface area
- Low diffusion distance

Author

kyleannkelsey

219393

Card Set

BIOL 404-Pulmonary Review

Description

BIOL 404-Pulmonary Review

Updated

2013-05-13T23:25:05Z