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Phases of the Gait Cycle
Stance = 60% (Closed Chain)
Swing = 40% (Open Chain)
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Components of Stance Phase
Traditional / Ranchos Los Amigos
- Heel Strike / Initial Contact
- Foot Flat / Loading Response
- Midstance / Midstance
- Heel Off / Terminal Stance
- Toe Off / Preswing
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Components of Swing Phase
Traditional / Ranchos Los Amigos
Acceleration / Initial Swing - Midswing / Midswing
- Deceleration / Terminal Swing
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Gait Cycle Measurements
- Step Length
- Toe off to heel strike of same foot
- average = 15"
- Stride Length
- heel strike to heel strike of same foot
- average = 30-32"
- Base of Support
- Width from middle of each heel
- average = 2-4"
- Toe Out
- Angle of lines:
- 1st line = measured from middle of heel
- 2nd line = middle of heel to 2nd toe
- average = 7 deg
- (anteverted = toes inward (pigeon toed))
- (retroverted = toes outward)
- Cadance
- Steps per minute
- average = 90-120 steps/min
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Deviations with Gait Cycle
Foot Slap during heel strike/initial contact & foot flap/loading response = anterior tib (ecc)
- Knee Buckle during heel strike/initial contact & foot flat/loading response = quads (ecc)
- compensation = lean forward
- Leaning forward @ hip during heel strike/initial contact & foot flat/loading response = glut max (ecc)
- compensation = increase lordosis, lean back, glut max lurch
- Hip drop during midstance = glut med (iso) (opp glut med of hip drop)
- compensation = trunk leaning toward affected side
- Flat foot during heel off = plantar flexors (con)
- compensations = shorter swing phase
- Foot drop during acceleration/initial swing = ant tib (con)
- compensations = hip hiking, circumducation, high steppage, vaulting
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