Chapter 27 The Reproductive System (Mastering A&P)

Why are the male testes located in the scrotum outside the body?

A. The testes develop better outside the body.
B. It helps the male secondary sexual characteristics develop.
C. Their external location is necessary for penile development.
D. Immature sperm are temperature sensitive.

Sperm are stored in the __________.

A. ductus deferens
B. seminiferous tubules
C. ejaculatory duct
D. epididymis

Genetic variation of individual chromosomes occurs during __________.

A. prophase II
B. prophase I
C. anaphase I
D.  metaphase I

The release of __________ encourages interstitial endocrine cells to release __________.

A.  luteinizing hormone; androgen-binding protein
B. luteinizing hormone; testosterone
C. inhibin; testosterone
D. follicle-stimulating hormone; androgen-binding protein

What is the function of the blood testis barrier?

A. to ensure that semen only contains sperm and seminal fluid
B. to filter out male sex hormones
C. to provide only select nutrients to the developing sperm
D. to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the developing sperm

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female?

A. The mucosa of the vagina is stratified squamous epithelium.
B. The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline.
C. The vagina is also called the birth canal.
D. The vaginal mucosa lacks glands.

A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation.

A. progesterone
B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. estrogen

Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg?

A. myometrium
B. stratum basalis of the endometrium
C. perimetrium
D. stratum functionalis of the endometrium

What is the role of the corpus luteum?

A. to produce hormones that maintain the uterine lining during the first months of pregnancy
B. to produce the primary oocytes
C. ovulation
D. to stimulate the female sexual response

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle __________.

A. ovulation occurs
B. the endometrium is shed
C. the functional layer of the endometrium regenerates
D. the endometrium prepares for implantation

Although effective in treating erectile dysfunction, Viagra has the side effect of reducing systemic blood pressure by causing ______.

A. a reduction in cardiac outputa
B. reduction in parasympathetic stimulation of penile arterioles
C. decreased blood flow to the ventricular walls
D. relaxation of muscle tissue in arteries

Which of the following conditions might contribute to an increased probability of having an ectopic pregnancy?

A. decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes
B. reduced number of granulosa cells
C. decreased rate of formation of vesicular follicles
D. reduced blood flow to the ovaries

Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored until they are ejaculated?



A. body of the epididymis
B. rete testis
C. tail of the epididymis
D. seminiferous tubule

Which cells produce androgens such as testosterone?



A. spermatogenic cells
B. myoid cells
C. sustentocytes (Sertoli cells)
D. interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells
 

Sperm is produced in the __________ of the testes.

A. tunica vaginalis
B. myoid cells
C. tunica albuginea
D. seminiferous tubules

Which of the following does NOT add substances to seminal fluid?

A. prostate gland
B. seminal glands
C. urethra
D. bulbo-urethral glands

Viable sperm production is optimal at the body's core temperature. True or False
True False

Why does meiosis involve two nuclear divisions rather than one, as in mitosis?



A. Meiosis produces four cells, each with identical chromosomes.
B. Meiosis produces two genetically identical cells through the two nuclear divisions.
C. Meiosis creates gametes with double the original chromosome number.
D. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.

What is the product of spermatogenesis?

A. capacitation of spermatozoa
B. formation of semen
C. development of the male reproductive organs
D. formation of haploid spermatozoa

What part of the female duct system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?



A. vagina
B. uterine (fallopian) tube (oviduct)
C. uterus
D. cervical canal

Which layer of the uterine wall is made of smooth muscle?



A. endometrium 
B. mesometrium
C. perimetrium
D. myometrium

Which specific layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation, approximately every 28 days?



A. mesometrium
B. myometrium
C. stratum basalis of the endometrium
D. stratum functionalis of the endometrium
 

The __________, a layer of the endometrium, is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the __________.

A. stratum basalis; stratum functionalis
B. stratum functionalis; stratum basalis
C. stratum functionalis; myometrium
D. myometrium; perimetrium

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?



A. secondary oocyte
B. oogonium
C. primary oocyte
D. ovum
 

How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis?



A. four functional gametes
B. three functional gametes
C. two functional gametes
D. one functional gamete

What event occurs during the proliferative phase?



A. menstruation
B. ovulation
C. stratum functionalis is shed
D. enrichment of the blood supply and glandular secretions prepare for reception of an embryo

What hormone promotes ovulation?



A. inhibin
B. leptin
C. luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. progesterone

Oocytes only complete meiosis II if they are fertilized. True or False
True False

Which of the following is considered a primary sex organ in females?

A. ovary
B. uterus
C. mammary glands
D. vagina

cervix.

A. FSH production
B. site of fertilization
C. secretes acid-neutralizing mucous into the penile urethra prior to ejaculation
D. site of pap smear
E. site of implantation
F. estrogen and progesterone production

telophase I.

A. Homologous chromosomes separate from one another.
B. Crossovers.
C. Two haploid daughter cells are formed.
D. Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.
E.  Tetrads align along the cell's equator.

Identify the male reproductive structure indicated by "B".



A. ductus deferens
B. ejaculatory duct
C. bulbo-urethral gland and duct
D. epididymis
E. prostate
F. seminal gland

Which of the following is true about meiosis?

A.  Meiosis leads to the production of genetically identical cells.
B. Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number.
C. Meiosis is how most cells in the body divide.
D. Meiosis involves only one cell division event.

The uterine layer shed with each monthly cycle is the __________.

A.  basal layer of endometrium
B. functional layer of endometrium
C. perimetrium
D. tunica albuginea
E. myometrium

Identify the structure associated with the testis indicated by "F".



A. rete testisductus (vas) deferens
B. tail of epididymis
C. head of epididymis
D.  seminiferous tubule
E. body of epididymis

vasectomy.

A.  surrounds urethra
B. contributes fluid to semen
C. dorsal erectile bodies
D. cut pathway of sperm movement
E. produces sperm to semen
F. undescended testes

Identify the male reproductive structure indicated by "C".



A. ejaculatory duct
B. prostate
C. epididymis
D. seminal gland
E. bulbo-urethral gland and duct
F. ductus deferens

parathyroid hormone.

A. increases metabolic rate
B. stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands
C. may inhibit osteoclast activity
D.  stimulates milk production
E. raises blood Ca2+ levels

FSH.

A. released from posterior pituitary; causes uterine contractions
B. released from anterior pituitary; causes ovulation and interstitial cells to produce testosterone in the testes
C. released from anterior pituitary; causes thyroid gland to synthesize thyroxine
D. released from posterior pituitary; causes kidneys to reabsorb/conserve water
E. released from anterior pituitary; causes ovarian follicles to grow and produce estrogen and spermatogenesis in the testes

prolactin.

A.  increases metabolic rate
B. stimulates milk production
C. stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands
D. may inhibit osteoclast activity
E. raises blood Ca2+ levels

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances results from hyposecretion of growth hormone?

A.  acromegaly
B. elephantiasis
C. gigantism
D. pituitary dwarfism

Identify the part of the hypophyseal portal system indicated by "A".



A. primary capillary plexus
B. secondary capillary plexus
C.  hypophyseal portal veins

follicle-stimulating hormone.

A.  affects functions of the ovaries and testes
B.  causes cells to undergo mitosis and increase in size
C. increases contractions of uterine smooth muscle

How do protein kinases affect enzymes?

A. They add a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to the enzyme.
B. They break down the enzyme.
C.  They increase the secretion of an enzyme.
D. They increase the release of an enzyme.

thyroxine.

A. stimulates milk productionraises blood Ca2+ levels
B.  increases metabolic rate
C. stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands
D. may inhibit osteoclast activity

The primary sex organ of the male is the __________.

A. testes
B. penis
C. seminal vesicle
D.  prostate
E. epididymis

interstitial cells.

A. cools arterial blood to keep the testes below core temperature
B. site of sperm production in the testes
C. make testosterone
D. site of sperm storage
E. fibrous capsule of the testes

LH.

A.  anterior pituitary
B. follicular cells
C. corpus luteum
D. interstitial endocrine cells

Identify the following structure associated with ovarian follicle development indicated by "D".



A. secondary oocyte
B. corona radiata
C. theca folliculi
D. zona pellucida
E. primary oocyte
F. antrum

Identify the following structure associated with the mammary glands indicated by "D".



A. lactiferous sinus
B. areola
C. nipple
D. lactiferous duct
E. lobe

pampiniform venous plexus.

A. fibrous capsule of the testes
B. site of sperm production in the testes
C.  cools arterial blood to keep the testes below core temperature
D. site of sperm storage
E. make testosterone

Identify the following structure associated with ovarian follicle development indicated by "F".



A. antrum
B. corona radiata
C. secondary oocyte
D. theca folliculi
E. zona pellucida
F. primary oocyte

Identify the following structure associated with ovarian follicle development indicated by "C".



A. primary oocyte
B. theca folliculi
C. corona radiata
D. antrum
E. zona pellucida
F. secondary oocyte

The usual site of fertilization is the __________.

A. vagina.  
B. uterine tube.  
C. ovary.  
D.  uterus.  
E. vulva

Which male structure is homologous to the female's clitoris?

A.  scrotum
B. prostate gland
C. epididymis
D. pubis
E. penis

Identify the male reproductive structures indicated by "D".



A. ductus deferens
B. epididymis
C. seminal gland
D. bulbo-urethral gland and duct
E. ejaculatory duct
F. prostate

Identify the part of spermatogenesis indicated by "C".



A. secondary spermatocyte
B. cytoplasm of adjacent sustentocytes
C. late spermatids
D. primary spermatocyte
E. spermatogonium
F. early spermatids

__________ acts upon the __________ to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

A. Testosterone; anterior pituitary
B. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); Sertoli cells
C. Testosterone; Sertoli cells
D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone?

A. decreases sperm production
B. maintains male secondary sex characteristics
C. maintains male libido
D. stimulates maturation of male sex organs

Identify the part of spermatogenesis indicated by "E".



A. primary spermatocyte
B. late spermatids
C. secondary spermatocyte
D. spermatogonium
E. early spermatids
F. cytoplasm of adjacent sustentocytes

menopause.

A. first menstrual period
B. ovulation and menses cease
C. deliver nutrients to spermatocytes
D. production of testosterone
E. production of estrogen

Sperm are produced in the __________.

A. spermatic cord
B. epididymis
C. seminal gland
D. seminiferous tubules
E. interstitial cells
F.  prostate