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Who were the leading German modern dance pioneers?
1. Rudolf Laban
2. Mary Wigman
3. Kurt Jooss
4. Hanya Holm
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Born in Hungary to a noble military family and was more influential as an educator and theoretician than as a dancer
Rudolf Laban
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In the 1930’s he staged mass productions for groups of laymen and in 1936 directed 3,000 people in movement choirs for the opening of the Berlin Olympics
Rudolf Laban
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Rudolf Laban contribution was in creating a written system for recording physical movement called:
Labanotation
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Who developed a system for analyzing intensity, speed, direction, and weight of movement and used geometric forms to analyze movement in three dimensions?
Rudolph Laban
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Who Studied under and danced lead roles in the choreography of Rudolf Laban (Laban’s assistant and principle dancer)?
Kurt Jooss
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What was the name of the school Kurt Jooss founded?
Ballet Jooss
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Kurt Jooss most famous ballet, an expressionistic view of the origins of war in a modernized avant-garde style:
The Green Table (1932)
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A modernist movement (initially in poetry and painting) originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.
Expressionism
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Presents the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas
Expressionism
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German expressionist dance that was a reaction against the perceived confines of traditional ballet styles, it refers to an expression of reality that's distorted in shape and color.
Ausdruckstanz
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Jooss’ most famous work
The Green Table
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Who composed the music for the Green Table?
Fritz Cohen
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Is a strong anti-war statement, and was made a year before Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany
The Green Table
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The Green Table Demonstrates that
Art can portray serious social and political ideas (war, poverty, struggles of common people)
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Was the height of German Expressionistic Dance
The Green Table
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The first dance to be fully notated using Labanotation
The Green Table
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Known as the high priestess of ausdruckstanz
Mary Wigman
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How did Mary Wigman's style contrast to Duncan's?
Duncan’s: graceful and optimistic - focused on harmony found in classical Greece.
Wigman: dark, brooding and mysterious imagery focused on death, witches and war. Her style was heavy and tense. Her works include Death Call, Witch Dance, Dance of Death
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Essence of Wigman’s Choreography
Deeply concerned with primitive and symbolic themes which she treated in a mystical and often grotesque manner
Preoccupied with death and used it as a symbol in her dances
Did not deal with individual problems but universal elements
Used tremendous range of movement and tended to kneel, crouch, crawl and creep Her head was often downcast/her arms were rarely lifted high
She avoided all ballet movements Considered space as an element that offered resistance to the dancers (represented the universe that the dancers struggle against)
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Influence of Wigman
Represented a major influence on American Modern dance
Broadened the scope of dance subject matter
Allowed American modern dance to stress a growing concern with self-expression and psychological creativity
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Major disciple of Mary Wigman
Hanya Holm
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Brought German modern dance to America in 1931 when she opened a branch of the Wigman School
Hanya Holm
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By 1936, Holm disassociates herself from Hitler’s Germany, and Wigman and re-names her New York school
The Hanya Holm School of the Dance
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Emphasized the freedom and flowing quality of the torso and back
Holm's movement
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Used improvisation/composition in her classes and her main focus was learning through discovery
Hanya Holm
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Hanya Holm Choreographed her movement focused on the body’s relation to space and emotion, which was an extension of
Wigman and Laban's technique
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Hanya Holm choreographed successful Broadway shows:
- Kiss Me Kate
- My Fair Lady
- Camelot
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