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How many inches in a hand?
4"
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What is the cutoff for heights of ponies v. horses?
Less than 14.2 hands (58" at withers) = pony
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Name 3 gaited breeds of horse
- American Saddlebred
- Tennesee Walking Horse
- Missouri Foxtrotter (Broken trot)
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Name three stock horse breeds (This means ridden with stock western saddle for working livestock)
Quarter horse, Appaloosa, American Paint Horse
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Name 3 draft breeds
- Belgian
- Percheron
- Clydesdales
- Shire
- Suffolk Punch
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Name 3 color breeds
- Paint
- Apaloosa
- Buckskin
- Dunn
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Difference in types of horses registered by Pinto Horse Breeders v. American Paint Horse Associations?
- American Paint Horse keeps a stud book (parent has to be registered)
- Pinto horse Association allows for 5 types
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Difference between bucksin and dun?
- Buckskin - cream or cremello gene on bay
- Dun - dun gene on sorrell, bay or black
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Most numerous breed of horse in the US?
Quarter Horse
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How many horses in US?
9.2M
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How many horses in MO?
281,000
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Max amount of grain in a day?
1% of body weight and no more than 1/2 in one feeding
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Min water/day?
- 1100 lb horse needs 20 liters per day
- 1 quart or liter per pound of dry matter consumed
- 1 quart or L per Mcal of DE required
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Why does excess grain intake result in colic or founder in a horse?
Ideally for the horse, starch is digested in the foregut and fiber is digested in the hindgut. Too much grain and starch bypasses the foregut. In the hindgut, bacterial fermentation of the starch leads to founder, colic, etc.
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Why should you take pregnant mares off of fescue pasture or hay prior to foaling?
- Endophyte toxicity is a problem in 90% of the fescue in the US
- When pregnant mares are grazed on high endophyte pasture or fed high in endophytehay exhibit may exhibit prolong gestation, difficult parturition, stillborn foals and agalactia
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How often should a mature horse in SW MO be dewormed?
3-4 times per year, depending on rainfall, housing, etc.
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Which internal parasite is a problem for young horses?
Ascarid (round worm)
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What does a Coggins test for?
Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) "Swamp Fever"
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When and how often is it recommended that a horses be vaccinated for sleeping sickness, west nile and tetanus?
Yearly for W. Nile and Sleeping Sickness, Vaccines for tetanus usually last a couple of years but they're inexpensive, so we usually do it every year
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Why would recommendations for Flu and Rhino be different for horses that are being shown a lot v. those for recreational use?
More exposure to more animals and vaccines are only partially effective
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Why would a pregant mare need to be vaccinated 3 times for Rhino v. only once for sleeping sickness and tetanus?
vaccines are only partially effective and the modified live is most effective. Mares have to have a killed vaccine.
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Average length of estrus for a mare?
5-7 days
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Average estrus cycle for mare?
21-22 days
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Gestation period for mares?
340 days
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Original sheep breeds?
- Urial
- Argali
- Mouflan
- Aoudad
- Bighorn
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14-37 AD, what country was the only source of Merino wool?
Spain
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When did US, UK start buying ewes from Spain?
early 1800s
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Since 1979, who is sheep powerhouse?
Austrailia
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What breeds are domestic goats descended from?
Paang or Bezoar
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Goats easily revert back to the feral state. They're second only to what animal?
domestic cat
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Lamb
Young, less than 1 year, sheep (you can tell by the break/spool joint)
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Mutton
older than one year
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Flock or herd
group of sheep or goats
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Doe
- female goat (does is plural)
- Doeling is a young female goat
- This is for meat breeds
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Buck
Male sheep or meat goat
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Ram
male sheep - cannot be a male goat
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wether
castrated sheep or goat
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chevon
french, young goat
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cabrito
spanish, young goat, tends be milk fed
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70-80% of world population eat goat. Most live where?
- Asia and Africa
- No power or refrigeration ok
- often used in religious ceremonies
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Who eats the most lamb?
- New Zealand (57 lbs consumption per capita)
- Not US (.08 pounds consumption per capita)
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Things about dairy goat milk?
- small fat globules, easy to digest
- can't really do butter
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Mohair comes from
Angora goats
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What type of pasture do goats prefer?
browse (brushy stuff)
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What type of pasture do sheep prefer?
Forb (succulents, weeds)
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vegetative browse is high in what nutrient?
protein
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biggest competitor for forage?
deer
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predation results in what percentage of sheep and goat loss?
about 37%
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How many breeds are there of sheep and goats?
- roughly 800 of each
- located all over the world
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what makes the myotonic goat so strange?
- it's the fainting goat
- contraction of skeletal muscles when frightened "freezes" them
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Hair breeds of sheep?
- Doper
- Katahdin
- St Croix
- Suffolk
- Dorset
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What are the Ps of sheep and goat production?
- Prices
- Predators
- Parasites
- Perceptions
- Phencing
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Who grows faster, sheep or goats?
sheep
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difference in grazing habits between sheep and goats?
- sheep - close to ground, prefer forb
- goats - top-down grazer, prefer shrubs (browse)
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What are the three kinds of fencing a sheep/goat producer needs?
- Perimeter or boundary
- Interior or cross
- Heavy use areas
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Fine wool sheep?
- Rambouillet
- Delaine Merino
- Debouillet
- Booroola Merino
- American Cormo
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Medium wood dual purpose sheep?
- Columbia
- Corriedale
- East Friesian
- Finnsheep
- Panama
- Polypay
- Targhee
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Medium wool meat sheep?
- Suffolk
- Dorset
- Hampshire
- Southdown
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Long wool sheep?
- BorderLeicester
- Coopworth
- Cotswold
- Lincoln
- Romney
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Hair sheep?
- AmericanBlackbelly
- Barbados Blackbelly
- St. Croix
- Romanov
- Katahadin
- Dorper
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Meat goat breeds
- Boer
- Kiko
- Tennesee Meat Goat
- Spanish
- Pygmy
- Savannah
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Dairy goat breeds
- Swiss
- La Mancha
- Nubian
- Nigerian Dwarf
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Fiber goat breeds
- Angora
- Cashmere
- Pygora
- Cashgora
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Mini goat breeds
- Pygmy (meat)
- Nigerian Dwarf (dairy)
- Mini Silky (myotnic x nigerian dwarf)
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Two species of beef cattle?
- Bos Taurus (adapted to cooler and more temperate climates)
- Bos Indicus (warmer climates, have humps)
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Three British breeds of cattle?
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What does "Continental" refer to in cattle breeds?
European
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Trait of greatest economic importance in beef production?
Reproduction
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Four primary phases of beef production and average duration of each?
- 1. seedstock genetics to producers
- 2. cow/calf producer - about 7 mo.
- 3. stock grower - 90 days to 365 (350 lb - 800 lb)
- 4. feed lot - 90-120 days (1050-1400 lbs)
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average gestation for beef cattle?
283-285 days
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desired calving interval for beef cow?
12 months
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what classification of beef cattle is easies to become pregnant? which is hardest?
- heifer should be easiest (it's her first breeding season)
- 24 month is hardest
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