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MIC 541-Exam 5-Mycology 10

  1. What are the two physiological barriers for fungal growth in humans?
    • Human body Temp
    • Redox potential
    • Body has high cellular defenses against fungal growth
  2. What is a mesophile?
    An organism that grows best at moderate temperatures
  3. Why is it important that most fungi are mesophiles?
    • They are not able to grow at 37 degrees C
    • Not able to live in the human body
  4. What redox potential is more suited for fungi than that of humans?
    That of non-living organisms
  5. Humans that develop mycoses have what characteristics?
    • Poor immune status
    • Environmental exposure
  6. Describe a general Fungal infection in humans:
    • Mild
    • Self-limiting
  7. Why are most fungal infections mild and self-limiting in humans?
    Due to high innate immunity to fungi
  8. What features of some fungi prevent PMN phagocytosis?
    Polysaccharide capsule
  9. Fungal proteins cause what raction in the body?
    High T and B cell responses
  10. What are the three ways that Fungi cause infections in humans?
    • 1.) Unique enzymatic capacity
    • 2.) Thermal dimorphism
    • 3.) Cell mediated immune blocking abilities
  11. What are the three main causes that fungi infect humans?
    • 1.) Natural barriers are disturbed
    • 2.) Individual is immunosuppressed
    • 3.) Occupational contact
  12. How are pathogenic mycoses classified?
    By the tissue they infect
  13. What are the six classifications of mycoses?
    • Superficial
    • Subcutaneous
    • Cutaneous
    • Systemic
    • Opportunistic
  14. Where are superficial mycoses found?
    Outer skin layers and hair
  15. How do subcutaneous mycoses infections occur?
    By trauma
  16. What are cutaneous mycoses called?
    Dematophytes
  17. Where are dermatophytes found in the body?
    Invade skin, hair and nails
  18. What is the more virulent type of mycoses infection?
    Systemic
  19. What mycoses type causes disease in healthy hosts?
    Systemic mycoses
  20. What group of mycoses are more and more commonly causing infections?
    Opportunistic
  21. What are characteristic problems with opportunistic mycoses infections?
    • Difficult to diagnose, treat or prevent
    • Becoming more and more frequent
  22. What is an issue that must be accounted for when treating fungal infections?
    Difficult to treat mycoses without toxicity to host
  23. What is an important difference in mycoses and human cells that allows for targeted treatment with reduced host toxicity?
    Ergosterol in the membrane not cholesterol
  24. Drugs that target Erosterol in fungi compromise the host in what way?
    Alter the permeability of the fungal membrane
  25. What type of sterol is found in mycoses membranes?
    Ergosterol
  26. What are the factors for selecting a treatment for mycoses infections?
    • Agent toxicity
    • Location and extent of infection
  27. Describe the action of Azoles:
    Prevent Lanosterol from being converted to Ergosterol
  28. What prevents lanosterol from being converted to ergosterol?
    Azoles
  29. What is the action of Terbinafine?
    Prevents squalene from being converted to squalene epoxide (a precursor to ergosterol)
  30. What agent prevents squalene from being converted to squalene epoxide, preventing downstream production of ergosterol?
    Terbinafine
  31. What is the role of Flucytosine?
    Kills mycoses by acting negatively on the nucleus
  32. What is the role of Echinocandins?
    Prevent B-glucan synthesis
  33. What drug prevents B-glucan synthesis in mycoses?
    Echinocandins
  34. What is Amphotericin B used for?
    To treat serious systemic fungal infections
  35. What drug is used to treat serious systemic fungal infections?
    Amphotericin B
  36. Describe the structure of Amphotericin B:
    • Polyene lactone ring
    • Saturated double bonds
  37. What is the action of Amphotericin B?
    • Binds to Ergosterol in membrane
    • Alters K and Mg permeability
    • Organism loses internal integrity
  38. Can Amphotericin B penetrate the CNS?
    No, too big
  39. How is Amphotericin B used for fungal meningitis?
    • Injected intrathecal
    • Too big to enter the CNS systemically
  40. Why would you inject Amphotericin B intrathecally?
    To treat meningitis
  41. What is the other name for Amphotericin B?
    Fungizone
  42. What is Fungizone?
    Amphotericin B
  43. Why does Amphotericin B not cause human toxicity?
    It has a much lower affinity for Cholesterol than Ergosterol
  44. Are there side effects to Amphotericin B?
    Yes, many and severe
  45. What are the side effects of Amphotericin B?
    • Fever
    • Headache
    • Thrombophlebitis
    • Anemia
Author
kyleannkelsey
ID
218548
Card Set
MIC 541-Exam 5-Mycology 10
Description
MIC 541-Exam 5-Mycology 10
Updated

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