-
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
-
Mass
The amount of matter in an object.
-
Weight
The gravitational force acting on an object of a given mass.
-
Kilogram (kg)
The international unit for mass.
-
Gram (g)
1/1000 the mass of a kilogram.
-
Element
The simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties.
-
Atom
- The smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element.
- All atoms of an element are the same.
-
The characteristics of matter result from what?
The structure, organization, and behavior of atoms.
-
What are atoms composed of?
Subatomic particles, some of which have an electric charge.
-
What are the three major types of subatomic particle?
- Neutron (not electric charge)
- Proton (one positive charge)
- Electron (one negative charge
-
What type of charge does a neutron have?
None
-
What type of charge does a proton have?
One positive
-
What type of charge does an electron have?
One negative
-
Atoms are electrically _____.
Neutral
-
Why are atoms electrically neutral?
Each atom has an equal number of proton and electron and they cancel each other out.
-
What forms the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
-
What moves around the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons
-
Electron Cloud
- Surrounds the nucleus.
- Contains electrons.
-
Atomic number
- The number of protons in each atom.
- Therefore, also the number of electrons.
-
Each element is uniquely defined by what?
- The number of protons.
- (only hydrogen has 1, only carbon has 6, etc)
-
How many naturally occurring elements are there?
90
-
How are synthesized elements created?
By altering atomic nuclei.
-
Isotopes
- Two or more forms of the same element.
- Have the same number of protons but different neutrons.
-
Isotopes have the same _____ number but different ______ number.
Atomic; mass.
-
How are isotopes denoted?
- The element symbol preceded by the mass number
- (1H – Hydrogen, 2H – Deuterium, 3H - Tritium)
-
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an elements naturally occurring isotopes.
-
Avogadro’s number
The number of atoms in exactly 12 g of 12C (6.022 x 1023)
-
Mole
Contains Avogadro’s number of entities, such as atoms, ions, or molecules.
-
Molar Mass
The mass of one mole of the substance expressed in grams.
|
|
