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(Which graph?) You want to know how where an object is after 3 seconds.
Line Graph
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(Which graph?) You want to know how the population of migratory birds differs between multiple wetland locations.
Bar Graph
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(Which graph?) You want to know what percentage of your income is spent on entertainment.
Pie Graph
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(Which graph?) You want to predict the population of insects at a certain time after collecting data for several days.
Line Graph
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(X or Y) Is the dependent variable
Y
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(X or Y) Is the responsive variable
Y
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(X or Y) Records what you are measuring
Y
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(X or Y) Records one of the control variable
none
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(X or Y) Records what you are changing in the experiment (experimental variable)
X
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Is the manipulated variable
X
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(X or Y) Is the independent variable
X
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-
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(Control, Experimental, or Responsive Variable?) What you are studying in an experiment.
Experimental
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(Control, Experimental, or Responsive Variable?) There are many of these in a good experiment.
Control
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(Control, Experimental, or Responsive Variable?) What happens in the experiment.
Responsive
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(Control, Experimental, or Responsive Variable?) There is only one of these in a good experiment.
Experimental
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(Control, Experimental, or Responsive Variable?) What you record in an experiment
Responsive
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Why do good experiments have control setups?
to see if the experiment variable does anything or has a negative effect
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(Qualitative -1 or Quantitative -2) the speed of an object
2
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(Qualitative or Quantitative) the color of a substance
1
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(Qualitative or Quantitative) the height a plant grows
2
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(Qualitative or Quantitative) the mass of a rock when measuring density
2
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(Qualitative or Quantitative) how an animal reacts due to different stimuli
1
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Scientific method in order!
Observe>Hypothesize>Experiment>Conclude
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(Which part of scientific method?) A scientist measures the amt. of acid necessary to dissolve a certain amt. of magnesium.
Experiment
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(Which part of scientific method?) You believe your car won't start because you are out of gas.
Hypothesis
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(Which part of scientific method?) You notice that a ball rolls farther up a hill depending on how fast it was going.
Observe
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(Which part of scientific method?) You decide that adding salt to ice water allows the ice water to get colder than water alone.
Conclusion
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Difference between theory, hypothesis, and a guess?
- Theory: proven over and over
- Hypothesis: educated guess
- Guess: random
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(Theory, Hypothesis, or Guess) You think that a person is going to come late to the bus because they were late yesterday.
Guess
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(Which part of scientific method?) You think that some plastic water bottles may not be healthy because you can taste the plastic in the water.
Hypothesis
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(Which part of scientific method?) The earth revolves around the sun. The sun does not revolve around the earth.
Theory
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(Which part of scientific method?) You think that adding salt water allows it to have a higher boiling point (it boils at a higher temp.)
Hypothesis
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Give 5 safety rules!
wear gloves, tie hair up, roll up sleeves, wear apron, keep materials away from edge
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When diluting an acid, do we add acid to water or water to acid?
Acid to water, because acids are more dense
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2 safety rules for cutting with a sharp instrument
- cut away from yourself
- use a hard surface
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What does corrosive, combustible, and carcinogen mean?
- Corrosive: eat away
- Combustible: catch on fire
- Carcinogen: cause cancer
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(Corrosive -1, combustible -2, or carcinogen -3) Flammable
2
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(Corrosive -1, combustible -2, or carcinogen -3) Eats away at something
1
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(Corrosive -1, combustible -2, or carcinogen -3) Causes cancer
3
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(Corrosive -1, combustible -2, or carcinogen -3) Eats away what it touches
1
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(Corrosive -1, combustible -2, or carcinogen -3) Wood or gasoline
2
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(Corrosive -1, combustible -2, or carcinogen -3) Strong acid on your skin
1
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What is this?
Burrette
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What is this?
Graduated Cylinder
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 What is this?
Electronic scale
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What is this?
Beam Balance
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What is this?
scalpel
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What is this?
Erlenmeyer flask
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What is this?
Beaker
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used to measure mass (2)
Beam balance, electronic scale
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used to measure temperature
thermometer
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used to measure volume (3)
graduated cylinder, burette, and beaker
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used to add very small amounts of a liquid
burette
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used to carry liquids(2)
Erlenmeyer flask, beaker
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very accurate for measuring liquids(20
burette, graduated cylinder
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used to make fine cuts in specimen
scalpel
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Which is more precise beaker or graduated cylinder?
graduated cylinder
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What are plants called since they make their own food?
Autotrophs
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What is glucose?
plant sugar
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Where is glucose produced in a plant cell?
chloroplast
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Where do plants use glucose?
Mitochondria
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The process of water evaporating from leaves and pulling more water up through the plant.
Transpiration
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(Leaves, stems, or roots) absorbs water through osmosis
Roots
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(Leaves, stems, or roots) pulls water up to the leaves
Stems
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(Leaves, stems, or roots) has stomas
Leaves
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(Leaves, stems, or roots) supports the plant, like a skeleton
stems
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(Leaves, stems, or roots) Helps keep land from eroding
Roots
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(Leaves, stems, or roots) Have waxy coating (called the cuticle)
Leaves
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The ___ transports water up the plant, while the ____ transports glucose back down.
xylem, phloem
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If a plant is flaccid it is..
limp
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what is turgor pressure?
like a pumped up balloon
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when plants don't have enough water they ____.
wilt
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Why do cacti only open their stomas at night?
reduce water loss
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stomas?
on the underside of leaves; opening that lets in CO2 and lets out O2
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Manure is biotic or abiotic?
biotic
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What are Mutualism, Commensalism, Predation, and Parasitism?
- Mutualism: both are benefited
- Commensalism: One doesn't care
- Predation: One kill and eats the other
- Parasitism: One eats the other but the other doesn't die
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Trophic Levels in order
Producers>primary consumers>secondary consumers>tertiary consumers> quaternary consumers
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As an embryo grows is it undergoing mitosis or meiosis.
mitosis
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mutation leads to..
speciation
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When are 2 organisms defined as different species?
when they cannot breed with each other
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(Virus or Bacteria) Has genetic material
Both
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(Virus or Bacteria) Are alive
Bacteria
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(Virus or Bacteria) Help us with digestion
Bacteria
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(Virus or Bacteria) needs a host cell to reproduce
Virus
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(Virus or Bacteria) have hard protein coating
Virus
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(Virus or Bacteria) have a cell membrane
Bacteria
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(Virus or Bacteria) can cause diseases
both
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(Virus or Bacteria) can be beneficial
Bacteria
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(Virus or Bacteria) are in yogurt
Bacteria
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(Virus or Bacteria) can replicate if given the nutrients
bacteria
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(Virus or Bacteria) takes over a cell
virus
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(Virus or Bacteria) Has a nucleus
neither
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(Virus or Bacteria) can make its own proteins
Bacteria
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(Virus or Bacteria) killed by antibiotics
Bacteria
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(Virus or Bacteria) causes colds and flu
Virus
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Two ways viruses seem to be alive
can multiply, genetic material
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proof that viruses are not alive
needs a host to reproduce
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Why is the overuse of antibiotics harmful to us?
also kills the good bacteria
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3 diseases that cannot be cured by antibiotics
cancer, colds, and HIV
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What organelle makes proteins?
Ribosomes
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Without this organelle, the cell would be unable to repair itself/continue to grow.
Ribosomes
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Without this organelle, if a plant lost cell water, it would shrink.
central vacuole
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which organelle holds waste products and maintains water pressure in the cell
central vacuole
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what holds up a plant cell like a skeleton
cell wall
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Why are chloroplasts green?
chlorophyll gives green pigment
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what organelle will allow or disallow these molecules to get in
cell membrane
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which organelle moves these molecules around the cell?
golgi apparatus
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Where are the plans for making the proteins stored?
mRNA's blueprint
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which organelle makes energy or ATP for the cell
Mitochondria
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Which organelle redistributes material to the rest of the cell?
golgi apparatus
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which organelle breaks down left over and worn out material?
lysosomes
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2 organelles that make energy?
mitochondria and chloroplast
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which organelle is the green house and performs photosynthesis?
chloroplasts
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What is the formula for Photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + O6
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Equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O6 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
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What is the proof that respiration is a combustion reaction?
because it uses oxygen and makes water
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Taxonomy in Order!
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Name the 6 Kingdoms!
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protista
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What is a heterotroph?
Animals
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what is a saprobe?
organism that digest outside of body
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Organisms with a nucleus are..
Eukaryotes
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This kingdom lives in extreme very hot environments.
Archaebacteria
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this kind of bacteria lives in our stomachs
Eubacteria
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what is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
Diffusion
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what is a semi-permeable membrane?
alows some things through, but not others (like cell wall)
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Movement of water in high to low through cell membrane
Osmosis
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2 examples of humans maintaining homeostasis?
vomiting and sweating
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match DNA to DNA : AGGTCA
TCCAGT
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DNA to RNA? : GGTAC
CCAUG
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egg or sperm; has only 1/2 the chromosomes of a full cell
Gametes
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Gametes include what kind of cells?
reproductive and haploid
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fertilized egg; has full set of chromosomes
Zygote
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What kind of cells for zygote?
diploid
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cell division for regeneration-replace with exact copies
Mitosis
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Meiosis affects ____ cells.
Mitosis affects _____ cells.
haploid;diploid
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Cell division for sexual reproduction; produce gametes(eggs/sperms)
Meiosis
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Occurs when the nitrogen base sequence is copied wrong
DNA Mutation
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If the gamete cell has 28 chromosomes, how many in the zygote?
56
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Process in which DNA is copied into mRNA
Transcription
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Process in which proteins are made from tRNA
Translation
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Amino Acids are...
building blocks of proteins
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Code of 3 nitrogen bases that tells the ribosome what amino acid to make
Codon
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(Translation or Transcription) when mRNA is turned into tRNA
Translation
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(Translation or Transcription) When DNA is turned into mRNA
Transcription
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(Translation or Transcription) Occurs in the nucleus
Transcription
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(Translation or Transcription) Occurs at the ribosomes
Translation
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The only system that has completely different parts for genders is ...
reproductive system
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system that surrounds the entire body
integumentary
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system that is attacked by the AIDS virus
immune
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system that protects the brain
skeletal
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system that moves the bones
muscular
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system that includes the stomach and intestines
digestive
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system that causes you to feel anxious
endocrine
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system for bird's feathers
integumentary
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system that protects your bones
muscular
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system that helps you get well from the flu
immune
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system that removes unabsorbed food
excretory
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system that is like the cell membrane for a cell
integumentary
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system that makes decisions for the body
nervous
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what 6 systems does the heart transport for?
Circulatory, Respiratory, Endocrine, Urinary/Excretory, Digestive, Immune
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Which 2 systems have been opened when you bleed?
Integumentary and Circulatory
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How is the skin part of the nervous system?
sensory functions
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Is our circulatory system open or closed?
closed
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which system is being helped when amphibians allow oxygen through their skin?
respiratory
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muscles that are autonomous(not controlled) include...
eyelids, lungs, and heart
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gel electrophoresis is for what?
comparing DNA
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What is ecology?
study of organisms and their enviroments
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Cell theory... 2 scientists.. 3 laws
- Schleiden, Schwann
- 1.) All living things are made of one or more cells.
- 2.) Cells are the basic units of life
- 3.) All cells arise from pre-existing cells
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Crossing over=?
genetic diversity
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leaf structure: what is it called when gas and water vapor exiting the leaf
transpiration
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Mitosis in order
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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What happens during prophase?
chromosomes shorten and thicken
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what happens during metaphase?
chromosomes line up across middle
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what happens during anaphase?
chromosomes split and go to opposite poles
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What happens during telophase?
Cell is split into two nucleus's
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Interphase is divided into what 3 phases?
S, G1, and G2
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What happens during G1 phase?
cell growth and development
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what happens during the S phase?
DNA is copied/replicated
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What happens during the G2 phase?
cell prepares for division; gets larger to split in half
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what are the 2 tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope at he beginning of prophase
centrioles
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which phase  in mitosis?
anaphase
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Which phase of mitosis is this?
telophase
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