SOCIOLOGY 1A-FINALS

CONSISTENCY IN MEASUREMENT

ACTUALLY MEASURING WHAT YOU INTEND TO MEASURE

THE CORNERS IN LIFE THAT PEOPLE OCCUPY BECAUSE OF WHERE THEY ARE LOCATED IN A SOCIETY

THEORY THAT SEES SOCIETY AS A COMPLEX SYSTEM WHOSE PARTS WORK TOGETHER TO PROMOTE SOLIDARITY AND STABILITY

THEORY THAT SEES SOCIETY AS AN ARENA OF INEQUALITY THAT GENERATE CONFLICT AND CHANGE

THEORY THAT SEES SOCIETY AS THE PRODUCT OF EVERYDAY INTERACTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS

PREDICTS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AND AMONG VARIABLES

A CHANGE IN A SUBJECT'S BEHAVIOR CAUSED BY THE AWARENESS OF BEING STUDIED

A VARIABLE THAT CAUSES ANOTHER VARIABLE TO CHANGE

VARIABLE THAT MAY CHANGE

A RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH TOW OR MORE VARIABLES CHANGE AND VARY TOGETHER

TARGET GROUP THAT IS GOING TO BE STUDIED

SMALLER NUMBER OF PEOPLE SELECTED TO REPRESENT THE ENTIRE POPULATION

A RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH THE TWO VARIABLES CHANGE IN THE SAME DIRECTION

A RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH THE TWO VARIABLES CHANGE IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION

DESCRIPTION OF CUSTOMS,BELIEFS, AND VALUES OF A PARTICULAR CULTURE COMPILED BY RESEARCHERS WHO DID EITHER PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION OR NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

UNAWARE OF THE EXPERIMENT

AWARE OF THE EXPERIMENT

REFERS TO THE FACT THAT SOME CULTURAL ELEMENTS (MATERIAL CULTURE) CHANGE MORE QUICKLY THAN OTHERS (NON MATERIAL), DISRUPTING A CULTURAL SYSTEM

A TENDENCY TO USE OUR OWN GROUP'S WAYS OF DOING THINGS AS THE YARDSTICK FOR JUDGING OTHERS

CREATES IN-GROUP LOYALTY

CAN LEAD TO DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PEOPLE WHOSE CULTURE DIFFERS FROM OURS

ALL THE TANGIBLE OR PHYSICAL PRODUCTS THAT THE MEMBERS OF A SOCIETY CREATE

ALL THE NON-TANGIBLE OR NON-PHYSICAL PRODUCTS THAT THE MEMBERS OF A SOCIETY CREATES, INCLUDING VALUES, BELIEFS, AND THE LANGUAGE TO EXPRESS THEM

TRYING TO UNDERSTAND A CULTURE ON ITS OWN TERMS

PEOPLE SEE AND UNDERSTAND THE WORLD THROUGH THE CULTURAL LENS OF LANGUAGE

WE PAY ATTENTION TO HOW PEOPLE OF CLOSE RELATIONS JUDGE US THAN TO HOW ALL OTHERS JUDGE US

PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

REALITY PRINCIPLE; HELPS TO BALANCE ID WITH SUPEREGO

OUR CONSCIENCE

THE IDEA THAT SELF-IMAGE IS BASED ON HOW OTHERS RESPOND TO US

TECHNIQUE FOR TREATING EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS THROUGH LONG-TERM INTENSIVE EXPLORATION OF THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND

UNDERSTANDING THAT AN OBJECT MAY CHANGE IN APPEARANCE YET MAINTAINS THE SAME WEIGHT,SUBSTANCE OR VOLUME

BIOLOGY VS. SOCIALIZATION; IMPORTANT IN THE SHAPING OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

THE WAY PEOPLE THINK

ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND BROADER CULTURAL NORMS AND UNDERSTAND WHAT A TYPICAL PERSON MIGHT THINK OR DO IN SIMILAR CIRCUMSTANCES OR SITUATIONS

THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THAT ALTHOUGH AN OBJECT MAY BE OUT OF SIGHT,IT STILLS EXIST

PRE-CONVENTIONAL: REWARDED OR PUNISHED

CONVENTIONAL: RIGHT OR WRONG

POST-CONVENTIONAL: BEST INTERESTS OF COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY

A SOCIAL POSITION THAT A PERSON HOLDS

THE BEHAVIOR THAT IS EXPECTED OF SOMEONE WHO HOLDS A PARTICULAR STATUS

SOCIAL POSITION THAT A PERSON RECEIVES AT BIRTH OR TAKES ON INVOLUNTARILY LATER IN LIFE

SOCIAL POSITION THAT A PERSON TAKES ON VOLUNTARILY THROUGH INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT AND EFFORT

SOCIAL POSITION THAT HAS SPECIAL IMPORTANCE FOR SOCIAL IDENTITY, OFTEN SHAPING A PERSON'S ENTIRE LIFE

STUDY OF SOCIAL INTERACTION IN TERMS OF THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE

RESULTS FROM THE TENDENCY OF GROUP MEMBERS TO OVER-CONFORM RESULTING IN A NARROW VIEW OR FAULTY VIEW OF SOME ISSUES.

ORGANIZATION THAT PAYS PEOPLE FOR THEIR EFFORTS OR ONE THAT PEOPLE USE TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS

ORGANIZATION BASED ON INVOLUNTARY MEMBERSHIP

ORGANIZATION THAT PEOPLE JOIN IN ORDER TO PURSUE A GOAL THAT THEY CONSIDER MORALLY WORTHWHILE

ALL BUREAUCRACIES WILL EVENTUALLY ALLOW THE FEW PEOPLE AT THE TOP TO CONTROL THE WHOLE ORGANIZATION

IDEAL TYPE OF FORMAL ORGANIZATION THAT IS RATIONALLY DESIGNED TO PERFORM TASKS EFFICIENTLY

• SOCIETY THAT INVOLVES:
• EFFICIENCY
• CALCULABILITY
• UNIFORMITY AND PREDICTABILITY
• CONTROL THROUGH AUTOMATION

ELEMENTS INCLUDES GROUP SIZE, LEADERSHIP,CONFORMITY, AND DECISION-MAKING

• INCLUDES
• DYAD, TWO MEMBERS
• TRIAD, THREE MEMBERS

AS GROUP SIZE INCREASES, GROUP BECOMES MORE STABLE BUT LESS INTIMATE

ACCOMPLISHES WHAT THE GROUP MEMBERS MAY OR MAY NOT WANT TO ACHIEVE, STYLES INCLUDES AUTHORITARIAN, DEMOCRATIC, AND LAISSEZ-FAIRE

INSTRUMENTAL: FOCUS IS ON COMPLETION OF TASKS

EXPRESSIVE: FOCUS IS ON ESTABLISHING THE WELL BEING OF MEMBERS

GROUPS INFLUENCES THE BEHAVIOR OF MEMBERS

PEOPLE EXPERIENCE STRAIN WHEN THEY DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO THE INSTITUTIONALIZED MEANS TO ACHIEVE CULTURALLY ACCEPTED GOALS

STATES THAT PEOPLE HAVE A GREATER TENDENCY TO DEVIATE FROM SOCIETAL NORMS WHEN THEY FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATE WITH INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE MORE FAVORABLE TOWARD DEVIANCE THEN CONFORMITY

CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON AND CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY THAT ARE MOTIVATED BY SOME KIND OF BIAS BASED ON RACE, ETHNICITY, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, OR GENDER IDENTITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL

• THE ACT
• THE CRIMINAL INTENT

THE IDEA THAT DEVIANCE AND CONFORMITY RESULT NOT SO MUCH FROM WHAT PEOPLE DO AS FROM HOW OTHERS RESPOND TO THOSE ACTIONS

TRANSFORMATION OF MORAL AND LEGAL DEVIANCE INTO A MEDICAL CONDITION

SUGGEST THAT DEVIANCE OCCURS NOT ONLY BECAUSE OF LIMITED ACCESS TO LEGITIMATE MEANS BUT ALSO FROM THE EASY ACCESS TO ILLEGETIMATE (ILLEGAL) OPPURTUNITIES